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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 5, 2026

Evolution of Staircase Structures in Diffusive Convection

Evolution of Staircase Structures in Diffusive Convection

Published on: September 5, 2018

How supercontinents and superoceans affect seafloor roughness.

Joanne M Whittaker¹, R Dietmar Müller, Walter R Roest

¹Earthbyte Group, School of Geosciences, Building F09, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia. jw@getech.com

|December 19, 2008

Summary

Seafloor roughness significantly impacts ocean heat circulation. Global analysis reveals residual roughness anomalies not solely due to spreading rates, suggesting mantle upwelling differences influence oceanic crustal accretion.

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Area of Science:

Geophysics
Oceanography
Plate Tectonics

Background:

Seafloor roughness controls ocean heat circulation and energy dissipation.
Existing models link roughness to spreading rates and mantle interactions.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate global seafloor roughness beyond spreading rates and sediment thickness.
To understand the influence of mantle upwelling on oceanic crustal formation.

Main Methods:

Global analysis of marine gravity-derived roughness.
Examination of sediment thickness, seafloor isochrons, and paleoo-spreading rates.
Statistical analysis to isolate residual roughness anomalies.

Main Results:

Residual roughness anomalies (5-20 mGal) exist globally, independent of spreading rate and sediment thickness.
Excess roughness is generally unrelated to spreading obliquity.
Cretaceous Atlantic seafloor shows anomalously low roughness, attributed to sub-Pangaean mantle conditions.
Pacific superswell regions show no significant roughness anomalies.

Conclusions:

Mantle upwelling beneath supercontinents and superoceans have distinct effects on oceanic crustal accretion.
Seafloor roughness is influenced by deep mantle processes beyond local tectonics.