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Microcracking in Concrete

Microcracking in Concrete

Microcracking in concrete refers to the tiny cracks that can form within the material even before any external load is applied. These microcracks typically occur at the interface between the coarse aggregate and the hydrated cement paste, often as a result of differential volume changes prompted by variations in stress-strain behavior, as well as thermal and moisture movement. Initially, these microcracks remain stable and do not grow substantially until the concrete is stressed to about 30...

Plastic Behavior

Plastic Behavior

A material's elastic behavior is characterized by the disappearance of stress once the load is removed, allowing the material to return to its original state. However, when stress surpasses the yield point, yielding commences, marking the onset of plastic deformation or permanent set. This change from elastic to plastic behavior is influenced by the peak stress value and the duration before the load is removed. An intriguing observation occurs when a specimen is loaded, unloaded, and reloaded.

Types of Non-structural Cracks in Concrete

Types of Non-structural Cracks in Concrete

Non-structural cracks are primarily of three types: plastic, early-age thermal, and drying shrinkage cracks. Plastic cracks are further classified into plastic shrinkage cracks and plastic settlement cracks.
Plastic shrinkage cracks typically form within hours after the concrete is poured. The concrete's surface dries faster than the bottom, creating tensile stress that the still-plastic concrete cannot withstand, leading to diagonal or randomly patterned cracks on the concrete surface.
Plastic...

Tensile Strength Considerations of Concrete

Tensile Strength Considerations of Concrete

Considering the tensile strength of concrete involves recognizing that the theoretical strength of cement paste can be up to a thousand times higher than what is observed in practical applications. This significant discrepancy is largely attributed to the presence of microscopic cracks within the concrete. These cracks tend to amplify stress at their tips when a load is applied, a phenomenon explained by Griffith's theory of brittle fracture.
The dimensions and shape of a concrete specimen also...

Creep in Concrete

Creep in Concrete

Creep refers to the time-dependent increase in strain under a sustained load, excluding other time-dependent deformations associated with shrinkage, swelling, and thermal expansion in concrete. The primary mechanism behind creep involves the loss of physically adsorbed water from the calcium silicate hydrate within the hydrated cement paste. This process is further exacerbated by concrete's non-linear stress-strain relationship, microcrack development in the interfacial transition zone, and...

Polymer Classification: Crystallinity

Polymer Classification: Crystallinity

Unlike ionic or small covalent molecules, polymers do not form crystalline solids due to the diffusion limitations of their long-chain structures. However, polymers contain microscopic crystalline domains separated by amorphous domains.
Crystalline domains are the regions where polymer chains are aligned in an orderly manner and held together in proximity by intermolecular forces. For example, chains in the crystalline domains of polyethylene and nylon are bound together by van der Waals...

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Synthesis of Programmable Main-chain Liquid-crystalline Elastomers Using a Two-stage Thiol-acrylate Reaction

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Published on: January 19, 2016

Cracking in soft-hard latex blends: theory and experiments.

Karnail B Singh¹, Girish Deoghare, Mahesh S Tirumkudulu

¹Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology-Bombay, Mumbai 400076, India.

Langmuir : the ACS Journal of Surfaces and Colloids

|December 20, 2008

Summary

This study models cracking in water-based paint films using mixtures of soft and hard elastic particles. A critical ratio of hard particles was found to shift film behavior from soft to rigidlike, validated by experiments.

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Area of Science:

Materials Science
Polymer Science
Colloid Science

Background:

Traditional paints contain volatile organic compounds (VOCs), posing health and environmental risks.
Water-based coatings are replacing traditional formulations, but still require organic solvents for particle coalescence.
Latex blends of soft and hard particles offer a potential solution for solvent-free coalescence.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the drying and cracking behavior of colloidal films containing mixtures of silica (hard) and acrylic (soft) particles.
To extend existing models of colloidal film stress-strain relationships to account for nonaffine deformation in binary elastic particle mixtures.
To analyze the transition in mechanical behavior from soft to rigidlike as a function of hard particle volume fraction.

Main Methods:

Development of a theoretical model for stress-strain relationships in binary colloidal films with elastic particles of differing moduli.
Incorporation of nonaffine deformation effects into the model for particle mixtures.
Experimental validation using colloidal films composed of silica and acrylic particles at various volume fraction ratios.

Main Results:

A critical hard particle volume fraction was identified, beyond which the film exhibits rigidlike behavior.
The model successfully predicts a transition from soft to rigidlike behavior, aligning with computational simulation results.
Experimental data on critical stress and cracking thickness validated the model's predictions across different particle ratios.

Conclusions:

The developed model accurately describes the mechanical behavior of latex blends containing hard and soft elastic particles.
Understanding particle interactions and volume fractions is crucial for designing crack-resistant, low-VOC water-based coatings.
This research provides a framework for optimizing coating formulations to minimize cracking and solvent use.