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Lymphatic Vessels and Lymph Transport

Lymphatic Vessels and Lymph Transport

Lymphatic vessels, known as lymphatics, are crucial in transporting lymph from peripheral tissues to our venous system. This process begins with lymph entering through tiny capillaries that branch through tissues. These capillaries have unique features such as larger diameters, thinner walls, and a distinctive one-way valve system formed by overlapping endothelial cells.
This one-way system allows fluids, solutes, and even pathogens to enter but prevents their return to the intercellular spaces.

Development of the Lymphatic System

Development of the Lymphatic System

The development of lymphatic tissues and vessels in embryonic life begins around the fifth week. These structures originate from the mesoderm layer, with lymph sacs emerging from developing veins.
The first lymph sacs to form are the paired jugular lymph sacs located at the junction of the internal jugular and subclavian veins. From these sacs, lymphatic capillary plexuses extend to the thorax, upper limbs, neck, and head, eventually forming lymphatic vessels. Each jugular lymph sac maintains a...

Arteries of Lower Limbs

Arteries of Lower Limbs

The external iliac artery transitions out of the body cavity, entering the femoral region of the lower leg, and is renamed the femoral artery at the point where it traverses the body wall. This artery is responsible for the distribution of blood to the thigh's deep muscles and the skin's ventral and lateral regions, achieved through several minor branches and the lateral deep femoral artery, which also spawns a lateral circumflex artery. The knee area receives blood from the genicular artery,...

Arteries of the Upper Limbs

Arteries of the Upper Limbs

The subclavian artery transitions into the axillary artery as it exits the chest and enters the axillary region. This artery is critical for supplying blood to the shoulder area, including the head of the humerus, through the humeral circumflex arteries. As the vessel continues into the upper arm or brachium, it becomes the brachial artery. This artery plays a key role in vascularizing the brachial region and bifurcates at the elbow into several branches. These branches include the deep...

Autoregulation of Blood Flow

Autoregulation of Blood Flow

Autoregulation mechanisms are characterized by their inherent capacity for self-regulation without necessitating specific nervous stimulation or endocrine control. These mechanisms facilitate the adjustment of blood flow and, therefore, perfusion specific to each tissue region. This self-regulation encompasses chemical signals and myogenic controls.
Chemical Signaling in Autoregulation
Chemical signaling operates at the precapillary sphincter level, inciting either contraction or relaxation.

Veins as Blood Reservoirs

Veins as Blood Reservoirs

Veins, while chiefly responsible for circulating blood back to the heart, also function as storage vessels for blood. They house approximately 64 percent of the body's total blood volume, a feat made possible by their high capacitance—the inherent ability to expand and accommodate large volumes of blood, even under low pressure. The large diameter and thin walls of veins augment their distensibility, significantly more so than arteries, due to their classification as capacitance vessels. When...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 27, 2026

Real-time Evaluation of Absolute, Cytosolic, Free Ca2+ and Corresponding Contractility in Isolated, Pressurized Lymph Vessels

Real-time Evaluation of Absolute, Cytosolic, Free Ca²⁺ and Corresponding Contractility in Isolated, Pressurized Lymph Vessels

Published on: March 22, 2024

Arterial regulators taken up by lymphatics.

Carrie J Shawber¹, Jan Kitajewski

¹Department of Obstetrics/Gynecology, Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York 10032, USA.

Lymphatic Research and Biology

|December 20, 2008

Summary

Researchers explored if genes crucial for artery development, like ephrinB2, FoxC2, and Notch, also regulate lymphatic vessel formation. Findings suggest these arterial regulators may play a key role in lymphatic development.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 27, 2026

Real-time Evaluation of Absolute, Cytosolic, Free Ca2+ and Corresponding Contractility in Isolated, Pressurized Lymph Vessels

Real-time Evaluation of Absolute, Cytosolic, Free Ca²⁺ and Corresponding Contractility in Isolated, Pressurized Lymph Vessels

Published on: March 22, 2024

Area of Science:

Vascular biology
Developmental biology
Molecular genetics

Background:

Arterial specification involves key genes like ephrinB2, FoxC2, and Notch.
These genes have recently been linked to lymphatic development, suggesting a potential overlap in regulatory mechanisms.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the role of arterial specification genes in lymphatic development.
To determine if regulatory relationships observed in arterial development are conserved in lymphatic development.

Main Methods:

Comparative analysis of gene function in arterial and lymphatic development.
Review of existing literature on ephrinB2, FoxC2, and Notch signaling pathways.

Main Results:

FoxC2 regulates Notch and its ligand expression during arterial cell fate determination.
Notch signaling in arteries promotes ephrinB2 expression.
Evidence suggests these pathways are conserved between arterial and lymphatic development.

Conclusions:

Genes critical for arterial development, including ephrinB2, FoxC2, and Notch, are implicated in lymphatic development.
The regulatory logic governing arterial specification may be relevant to understanding lymphatic development.
Further research is warranted to elucidate the precise roles of these genes in lymphatic system formation.