Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Influenza01:27

Influenza

Influenza is an acute, highly communicable viral disease that affects the respiratory tract and is responsible for seasonal epidemics worldwide. Influenza A is the most prevalent type associated with widespread outbreaks and is subtyped based on two surface glycoproteins: hemagglutinin (H) and neuraminidase (N), as in H1N1. These glycoproteins are essential for viral infectivity, transmission, and immune recognition. Transmission occurs primarily through respiratory droplets and contaminated...
Infectious Diseases and Their Occurrence01:28

Infectious Diseases and Their Occurrence

Infectious diseases appear in populations through various transmission patterns, influenced by pathogen characteristics, population immunity, environmental conditions, and social behavior. Understanding these patterns is essential for effective public health surveillance and intervention. These categories—sporadic, outbreak, epidemic, pandemic, and endemic—help frame the nature and scope of disease events.Sporadic diseases occur irregularly and infrequently, without a predictable temporal or...
Vaccinations01:51

Vaccinations

Overview
Inhibitors Of Virion Release01:25

Inhibitors Of Virion Release

Viral replication and dissemination rely on efficient mechanisms for host cell entry, genome replication, assembly, and release. Influenza viruses, such as types A and B, are negative-sense single-stranded RNA viruses with a segmented genome, that depend on two critical surface glycoproteins to carry out these processes: hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA). HA initiates infection by binding to sialic acid residues on the surface of host epithelial cells, facilitating receptor-mediated...
Smallpox01:24

Smallpox

Smallpox is a severe contagious disease caused by the Variola major virus, a double-stranded DNA member of the Poxviridae family.Variola major transmission occurs primarily via inhalation of virus-laden droplets or direct contact with infectious scabs. The incubation period averages approximately seven days, although it may range from 7 to 17 days depending on the inoculum and host factors.Clinically, the prodromal phase is marked by an abrupt onset of high fever, malaise, headache, and myalgia.
Viral Recombination00:57

Viral Recombination

Cells are sometimes infected by more than one virus at once. When two viruses disassemble to expose their genomes for replication in the same cell, similar regions of their genomes can pair together and exchange sequences in a process called recombination. Alternatively, viruses with segmented genomes can swap segments in a process called reassortment.

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Eldecalcitol and calcium supplementation in Chinese women with postmenopausal osteoporosis: a prospective observational cohort study.

Journal of bone and mineral metabolism·2026
Same author

Unexpected [18F]-fluciclovine hyperuptake in radiation necrosis after proton therapy: illustrative case.

Journal of neurosurgery. Case lessons·2026
Same author

Sustained Improvement in Renal Function with Palopegteriparatide in Adults with Chronic Hypoparathyroidism: 2-Year Results from the Phase 3 PaTHway-Trial.

Journal of bone and mineral research : the official journal of the American Society for Bone and Mineral Research·2026
Same author

Impact of physical and chemical parameters on spinoculation for chimeric antigen receptor T cell manufacturing using a quality-by-design approach.

Molecular therapy. Advances·2026
Same author

Toward the promotion of One Health - Part II: Interdisciplinary research cooperation between digital transformation and exposome.

The journal of physiological sciences : JPS·2026
Same author

Clinical trial simulation of antiviral drugs.

Journal of virology·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 27, 2026

Development of Multiplex Real-Time RT-qPCR Assays for the Detection of SARS-CoV-2, Influenza A/B, and MERS-CoV
03:53

Development of Multiplex Real-Time RT-qPCR Assays for the Detection of SARS-CoV-2, Influenza A/B, and MERS-CoV

Published on: November 10, 2023

Avian flu pandemic: Can we prevent it?

Shingo Iwami1, Yasuhiro Takeuchi, Xianning Liu

  • 1Graduate School of Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, 3-5-1 Johoku, Naka-ku, Hamamatsu 432-8561, Japan. f5745020@ipc.shizuoka.ac.jp

Journal of Theoretical Biology
|December 20, 2008
PubMed
Summary

Pandemic control measures for avian influenza (H5N1) can be counterproductive. While quarantine effectively reduces human illness and death, eliminating infected birds may worsen outcomes.

More Related Videos

Using Zebrafish Models of Human Influenza A Virus Infections to Screen Antiviral Drugs and Characterize Host Immune Cell Responses
09:07

Using Zebrafish Models of Human Influenza A Virus Infections to Screen Antiviral Drugs and Characterize Host Immune Cell Responses

Published on: January 20, 2017

Influenza Virus Propagation in Embryonated Chicken Eggs
06:56

Influenza Virus Propagation in Embryonated Chicken Eggs

Published on: March 19, 2015

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 27, 2026

Development of Multiplex Real-Time RT-qPCR Assays for the Detection of SARS-CoV-2, Influenza A/B, and MERS-CoV
03:53

Development of Multiplex Real-Time RT-qPCR Assays for the Detection of SARS-CoV-2, Influenza A/B, and MERS-CoV

Published on: November 10, 2023

Using Zebrafish Models of Human Influenza A Virus Infections to Screen Antiviral Drugs and Characterize Host Immune Cell Responses
09:07

Using Zebrafish Models of Human Influenza A Virus Infections to Screen Antiviral Drugs and Characterize Host Immune Cell Responses

Published on: January 20, 2017

Influenza Virus Propagation in Embryonated Chicken Eggs
06:56

Influenza Virus Propagation in Embryonated Chicken Eggs

Published on: March 19, 2015

Area of Science:

  • Epidemiology
  • Public Health
  • Mathematical Modeling

Background:

  • Highly pathogenic H5N1 avian influenza poses a significant threat due to poultry devastation and human infections.
  • The risk of a human-transmissible pandemic arises from potential genetic reassortment between avian and human influenza strains.
  • Current control strategies for emerging influenza pandemics remain uncertain.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the relationship between virulence evolution and the effectiveness of pandemic control measures for mutant avian influenza.
  • To evaluate two distinct policies: elimination of infected birds and quarantine of infected humans.

Main Methods:

  • The study employed mathematical modeling to analyze the impact of different control strategies.
  • Investigated the evolution of virulence in conjunction with the effectiveness of avian elimination and human quarantine policies.

Main Results:

  • Both elimination and quarantine policies can be ineffective, potentially increasing human morbidity or mortality.
  • The impact of interventions can be paradoxical, sometimes increasing morbidity while decreasing mortality, or vice versa.
  • Quarantine policies demonstrated effectiveness in reducing both human morbidity and mortality.

Conclusions:

  • The elimination policy for infected birds carries a risk of increasing human morbidity or mortality in certain scenarios.
  • Quarantine of infected humans is a more reliable strategy for mitigating the impact of avian influenza pandemics.
  • Careful consideration of intervention strategies is crucial for effective pandemic preparedness and control.