Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Non-LTR Retrotransposons03:18

Non-LTR Retrotransposons

As the name suggests, non-LTR retrotransposons lack the long terminal repeats characteristic of the LTR retrotransposons. Additionally, both LTR and non-LTR retrotransposons use distinct mechanisms of mobilization. Non-LTR retrotransposons are further divided into two classes - Long interspersed nuclear elements (LINEs) and short interspersed nuclear elements (SINEs), both of which occur abundantly in most mammals, including humans. Some of the active non-LTR retrotransposons in humans are L1...
Homologous Recombination02:31

Homologous Recombination

The basic reaction of homologous recombination (HR) involves two chromatids that contain DNA sequences sharing a significant stretch of identity. One of these sequences uses a strand from another as a template to synthesize DNA in an enzyme-catalyzed reaction. The final product is a novel amalgamation of the two substrates. To ensure an accurate recombination of sequences, HR is restricted to the S and G2 phases of the cell cycle. At these stages, the DNA has been replicated already and the...
LTR Retrotransposons03:08

LTR Retrotransposons

LTR retrotransposons are class I transposable elements with long terminal repeats flanking an internal coding region. These elements are less abundant in mammals compared to other class I transposable elements. About 8 percent of human genomic DNA comprises LTR retrotransposons. Some of the common examples of LTR retrotransposons are Ty elements in yeast and Copia elements in Drosophila.
The internal coding region of LTR retrotransposons and their mechanism of transposition closely resembles a...
Bacterial RNA Polymerase00:43

Bacterial RNA Polymerase

Unlike eukaryotes, bacteria use a single RNA Polymerase (RNAP) to transcribe all genes. The different subunits of bacterial RNAPhave distinct functions. The multisubunit structure of the bacterial RNAP helps the enzyme to maintain catalytic function, facilitate assembly, interact with DNA and RNA, and self-regulate its activity.
In most genes, the transcription site is a single base present upstream of the coding sequence. Though RNAP is a catalytically efficient enzyme, it does not recognize...
DNA Bacteriophages01:26

DNA Bacteriophages

Bacteriophages, or phages, are viruses that specifically infect bacteria, utilizing their genetic material to hijack host cellular machinery for replication. DNA bacteriophages employ single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) or double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) genomes. These phages exhibit diverse replication strategies and host interactions, influencing their ecological roles and applications in biotechnology and medicine.ssDNA BacteriophagesssDNA phages, with their small genomes, utilize unique strategies to...
DNA Helicases00:55

DNA Helicases

DNA unwinding helicase enzymes are a type of motor protein. Motor proteins can translocate along filaments or polymers using energy generated from ATP hydrolysis. Helicases are involved in all the important cellular processes where DNA unwinding is required, such as DNA replication, repair, recombination, and transcription. They are present in all living organisms, but vary in their structure, function, and mechanism of action. For example, in prokaryotes, DnaB helicase binds and translocates...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Fabrication of Nd<sup>3+</sup> and Yb<sup>3+</sup> doped NIR emitting nano fluorescent probe: A candidate for bioimaging applications.

Materials science & engineering. C, Materials for biological applications·2021
Same author

NaGdF<sub>4</sub>:Yb,Er-Ag nanowire hybrid nanocomposite for multifunctional upconversion emission, optical imaging, MRI and CT imaging applications.

Mikrochimica acta·2020
Same author

Panel 7 - Pathogenesis of otitis media - a review of the literature between 2015 and 2019.

International journal of pediatric otorhinolaryngology·2019
Same author

Antiglycine receptor antibody related disease: a case series and literature review.

European journal of neurology·2018
Same author

Efficient NIR Emission from Nd, Er, and Tm Complexes with Fluorinated Selenolate Ligands.

Inorganic chemistry·2018
Same author

Methylomic and phenotypic analysis of the ModH5 phasevarion of Helicobacter pylori.

Scientific reports·2017
Same journal

Barcoding gene (cox1 mtDNA) meta-analysis: A continental perspective for Tylodelphys species (Digenea: Diplostomidae).

Infection, genetics and evolution : journal of molecular epidemiology and evolutionary genetics in infectious diseases·2026
Same journal

Heterogeneity of plasmids containing OXA-48-like and NDM-5 carbapenemases and emergence of OXA-181 and NDM-5 co-carrying strains and plasmids in Escherichia coli from veterinary settings.

Infection, genetics and evolution : journal of molecular epidemiology and evolutionary genetics in infectious diseases·2026
Same journal

Projected late-century climate change alters reproductive gene expression pathways in the arbovirus vector Aedes aegypti.

Infection, genetics and evolution : journal of molecular epidemiology and evolutionary genetics in infectious diseases·2026
Same journal

Diseases of the past were not our diseases: Rethinking retrospective diagnosis in medicine.

Infection, genetics and evolution : journal of molecular epidemiology and evolutionary genetics in infectious diseases·2026
Same journal

Genomic insights into Listeria monocytogenes isolates associated with neurological forms.

Infection, genetics and evolution : journal of molecular epidemiology and evolutionary genetics in infectious diseases·2026
Same journal

Optimal control and cost-effectiveness analysis of a network-inspired multihost fascioliasis model.

Infection, genetics and evolution : journal of molecular epidemiology and evolutionary genetics in infectious diseases·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 27, 2026

DNA Fingerprinting of Mycobacterium leprae Strains Using Variable Number Tandem Repeat (VNTR) - Fragment Length Analysis (FLA)
09:39

DNA Fingerprinting of Mycobacterium leprae Strains Using Variable Number Tandem Repeat (VNTR) - Fragment Length Analysis (FLA)

Published on: July 15, 2011

Simple sequence repeats in Haemophilus influenzae.

Peter M Power1, W A Sweetman, N J Gallacher

  • 1Molecular Infectious Diseases Group, Department of Paediatrics, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford OX39DS, UK. peter.power@paediatrics.ox.ac.uk

Infection, Genetics and Evolution : Journal of Molecular Epidemiology and Evolutionary Genetics in Infectious Diseases
|December 20, 2008
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Simple sequence repeats (SSRs) are key to adaptation in Haemophilus influenzae. Tetranucleotide SSRs significantly drive phase variation, with new loci identified and geographic influences suggested.

More Related Videos

Rapid and Specific Detection of Acinetobacter baumannii Infections Using a Recombinase Polymerase Amplification/Cas12a-based System
07:59

Rapid and Specific Detection of Acinetobacter baumannii Infections Using a Recombinase Polymerase Amplification/Cas12a-based System

Published on: April 25, 2025

Identification of Novel Genes Associated with Alginate Production in Pseudomonas aeruginosa Using Mini-himar1 Mariner Transposon-mediated Mutagenesis
08:57

Identification of Novel Genes Associated with Alginate Production in Pseudomonas aeruginosa Using Mini-himar1 Mariner Transposon-mediated Mutagenesis

Published on: March 10, 2014

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 27, 2026

DNA Fingerprinting of Mycobacterium leprae Strains Using Variable Number Tandem Repeat (VNTR) - Fragment Length Analysis (FLA)
09:39

DNA Fingerprinting of Mycobacterium leprae Strains Using Variable Number Tandem Repeat (VNTR) - Fragment Length Analysis (FLA)

Published on: July 15, 2011

Rapid and Specific Detection of Acinetobacter baumannii Infections Using a Recombinase Polymerase Amplification/Cas12a-based System
07:59

Rapid and Specific Detection of Acinetobacter baumannii Infections Using a Recombinase Polymerase Amplification/Cas12a-based System

Published on: April 25, 2025

Identification of Novel Genes Associated with Alginate Production in Pseudomonas aeruginosa Using Mini-himar1 Mariner Transposon-mediated Mutagenesis
08:57

Identification of Novel Genes Associated with Alginate Production in Pseudomonas aeruginosa Using Mini-himar1 Mariner Transposon-mediated Mutagenesis

Published on: March 10, 2014

Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Genomics
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Simple sequence repeats (SSRs) are mutation-prone DNA regions crucial for bacterial adaptation.
  • Tetranucleotide SSRs in Haemophilus influenzae mediate phase variation of surface structures like lipopolysaccharide.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To comprehensively compare SSRs across multiple H. influenzae genomes.
  • To identify novel SSR loci involved in phase variation and assess their distribution.

Main Methods:

  • Comparative genomic analysis of SSRs in 16 H. influenzae strains.
  • Classification of SSR loci based on variation and association with gene expression.
  • Identification and characterization of tetranucleotide and non-tetranucleotide SSRs.

Main Results:

  • Tetranucleotide SSRs confirmed as primary mediators of phase variation.
  • Ten new tetranucleotide SSR loci with phase variation potential were identified.
  • Non-tetranucleotide SSRs (mono-, di-, penta-, hepta-, octanucleotide) also implicated in phase variation.
  • Unequal distribution of SSR loci across the H. influenzae pan-genome observed.
  • Brazilian isolates exhibited the highest SSR variation, suggesting geographic/phenotypic influence.

Conclusions:

  • Tetranucleotide SSRs play a vital role in H. influenzae biology and adaptation.
  • The study expands the known repertoire of phase variation-mediating SSRs.
  • Geographic and phenotypic factors may influence SSR distribution in H. influenzae populations.