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Osteoclasts in Bone Remodeling

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Osteoclasts are cells responsible for bone resorption and remodeling. They originate from hematopoietic progenitor cells present in the bone marrow. Numerous progenitor cells fuse to form multinucleated cells, each with 10-20 nuclei. A single osteoclast has a diameter of 150 to 200 µM. These cells have ruffled borders that break down the underlying bone tissue and release minerals such as calcium into the blood in bone resorption. Osteoclasts cling to bones with their ruffled edges during bone...

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Updated: Jun 27, 2026

Oral Biofilm Formation on Different Materials for Dental Implants

Oral Biofilm Formation on Different Materials for Dental Implants

Published on: June 24, 2018

Enhanced osteoblast function on ultraviolet light-treated zirconia.

Wael Att¹, Masato Takeuchi, Takeo Suzuki

¹Laboratory for Bone and Implant Sciences, The Jane and Jerry Weintraub Center for Reconstructive Biotechnology, Division of Advanced Prosthodontics, Biomaterials and Hospital Dentistry, UCLA School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1668, USA.

|December 20, 2008

Summary

Ultraviolet (UV) light treatment enhances zirconia

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In Vitro Evaluation of The Effects Of Er,Cr:YSGG and Diode Lasers Used on Titanium Cylinder

In Vitro Evaluation of The Effects Of Er,Cr:YSGG and Diode Lasers Used on Titanium Cylinder

Published on: June 6, 2025

Area of Science:

Biomaterials Science
Surface Chemistry
Cell Biology

Background:

Surface modification of zirconia for improved osseointegration is challenging.
Photochemical reactions of semiconductor oxides are of significant interest.
Titanium dioxide's photochemical properties are well-studied.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the effect of ultraviolet (UV) light treatment on zirconia bioactivity.
To determine if UV treatment enhances osteoblast attachment, proliferation, and mineralization on zirconia.
To elucidate the surface changes induced by UV treatment on zirconia.

Main Methods:

Machined zirconia disks were exposed to UV light for varying durations (up to 48 hours).
Osteoblast (rat bone marrow-derived) responses including attachment, spread, proliferation, alkaline phosphatase activity, and mineralization were assessed.
Surface characterization was performed using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS).

Main Results:

UV light treatment for 48 hours significantly increased osteoblast attachment, spread, and proliferation.
Alkaline phosphatase-positive area and mineralized nodule formation doubled on UV-treated zirconia.
UV treatment converted the zirconia surface from hydrophobic to hydrophilic and reduced surface carbon content in a dose-dependent manner.
XRD and XPS confirmed the presence of monoclinic and tetragonal ZrO(2) phases and a broad light absorption band (200-400 nm) for zirconia.

Conclusions:

UV light treatment enhances the bioactivity of yttrium-containing partially stabilized zirconia on osteoblasts.
This biofunctionalization is attributed to UV light-induced hydrophilic surface conversion and hydrocarbon removal.
UV treatment offers a promising method for improving the osseointegration of zirconia-based implants.