Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Atherosclerosis III: Management01:26

Atherosclerosis III: Management

284
Management of atherosclerosis involves an integrated strategy encompassing pharmacological treatment, surgical interventions, lifestyle changes, and nutrition therapy to address the multifactorial nature of the disease.Pharmacological TherapyA cornerstone of atherosclerosis management is the use of pharmacological agents. Statins, such as atorvastatin, are pivotal in inhibiting HMG-CoA reductase, an enzyme that catalyzes an initial step in cholesterol synthesis in the liver. This reduction in...
284
Cardiomyopathy V: Interprofessional Care01:29

Cardiomyopathy V: Interprofessional Care

274
Managing cardiomyopathy involves addressing underlying or precipitating causes, treating heart failure with medications, and implementing dietary changes and a balanced exercise and rest regimen.Lifestyle ModificationsCardiomyopathy patients should adopt a low-sodium diet to reduce fluid retention and manage heart failure. A personalized exercise and rest plan helps maintain physical fitness without overstraining the heart. Avoiding alcohol and tobacco is essential to prevent further damage to...
274
Heart Failure VI: Adjunct Therapies01:22

Heart Failure VI: Adjunct Therapies

211
Additional therapies for treating patients with heart failure (HF) may include procedural interventions, supplemental oxygen, the management of sleep disorders, and nutritional therapy.Procedural InterventionsImplantable Cardioverter-Defibrillator: For patients at risk of life-threatening arrhythmias due to severe left ventricular dysfunction, an Implantable Cardioverter-Defibrillator (ICD) can detect and terminate these arrhythmias, preventing sudden cardiac death and improving survival rates.
211
Heart Failure V: Medical Management01:30

Heart Failure V: Medical Management

176
Medical Management of Acute Decompensated Heart Failure (ADHF)The primary goals of therapy for patients hospitalized with acute decompensated heart failure (ADHF) include:Relieving symptomsOptimizing volume statusSupporting oxygenation and ventilationMaintaining cardiac output (CO) and end-organ perfusionIdentifying and addressing the cause of ADHFPreventing complicationsProviding patient education on factors precipitating HF exacerbationPlanning for dischargeOngoing monitoring and assessment...
176
Exercise and Cardiovascular Response01:20

Exercise and Cardiovascular Response

3.8K
Exercise significantly impacts cardiovascular response, which is crucial for understanding patient health and designing effective treatment plans.
Light to moderate physical activity initiates a series of interconnected responses in the body. The heart rate modestly increases in anticipation of the workout, followed by widespread vasodilation as oxygen consumption by skeletal muscles increases. This results in decreased peripheral resistance, increased capillary blood flow, and accelerated...
3.8K
Heart Failure Drugs: Inhibitors of Renin-Angiotensin System01:26

Heart Failure Drugs: Inhibitors of Renin-Angiotensin System

849
The activation of the sympathetic nervous system and the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) contributes to cardiac remodeling, and inhibiting the RAAS is a pharmacological target in heart failure management. As a result, neurohumoral modulation is a crucial treatment principle for managing heart failure. This approach involves using medications like ACE inhibitors (ACEIs), angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs), β-blockers, mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists (MRAs), and neutral...
849

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Major adverse cardiovascular events risk in menopausal women treated with oral estradiol/micronized progesterone versus conjugated estrogens/medroxyprogesterone: a claims data analysis in the USA.

Climacteric : the journal of the International Menopause Society·2025
Same author

Low-dose and ultra-low-dose estradiol and dydrogesterone in postmenopause: an analysis by body mass index.

Climacteric : the journal of the International Menopause Society·2024
Same author

Ultra-low dose estradiol and dydrogesterone for the treatment of menopausal symptoms in a pooled, multi-ethnic population.

Maturitas·2024
Same author

Ultra-low-dose estradiol and dydrogesterone for treatment of vasomotor symptoms in Europe and China.

Climacteric : the journal of the International Menopause Society·2024
Same author

Ultra-low-dose continuous combined estradiol and dydrogesterone in postmenopausal women: A pooled safety and tolerability analysis.

Gynecological endocrinology : the official journal of the International Society of Gynecological Endocrinology·2024
Same author

Hormone replacement therapy after myocardial infarction: British Menopause Society Tool for Clinicians.

Post reproductive health·2024

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 1, 2026

An In Vivo Estrogen Deficiency Mouse Model for Screening Exogenous Estrogen Treatments of Cardiovascular Dysfunction After Menopause
06:18

An In Vivo Estrogen Deficiency Mouse Model for Screening Exogenous Estrogen Treatments of Cardiovascular Dysfunction After Menopause

Published on: August 13, 2019

12.7K

HRT and cardiovascular disease.

John C Stevenson1

  • 1National Heart & Lung Institute, Imperial College London, Royal Brompton Hospital, Sydney Street, London SW3 6NP, UK. j.stevenson@imperial.ac.uk

Best Practice & Research. Clinical Obstetrics & Gynaecology
|December 20, 2008
PubMed
Summary

Hormone replacement therapy (HRT) may benefit cardiovascular health, particularly coronary heart disease (CHD) prevention, when initiated within 10 years of menopause. However, risks like stroke and venous thrombo-embolism must be considered.

More Related Videos

Construction of Defined Human Engineered Cardiac Tissues to Study Mechanisms of Cardiac Cell Therapy
11:51

Construction of Defined Human Engineered Cardiac Tissues to Study Mechanisms of Cardiac Cell Therapy

Published on: March 1, 2016

10.7K
Implantation of the Syncardia Total Artificial Heart
16:11

Implantation of the Syncardia Total Artificial Heart

Published on: July 17, 2014

35.9K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jan 1, 2026

An In Vivo Estrogen Deficiency Mouse Model for Screening Exogenous Estrogen Treatments of Cardiovascular Dysfunction After Menopause
06:18

An In Vivo Estrogen Deficiency Mouse Model for Screening Exogenous Estrogen Treatments of Cardiovascular Dysfunction After Menopause

Published on: August 13, 2019

12.7K
Construction of Defined Human Engineered Cardiac Tissues to Study Mechanisms of Cardiac Cell Therapy
11:51

Construction of Defined Human Engineered Cardiac Tissues to Study Mechanisms of Cardiac Cell Therapy

Published on: March 1, 2016

10.7K
Implantation of the Syncardia Total Artificial Heart
16:11

Implantation of the Syncardia Total Artificial Heart

Published on: July 17, 2014

35.9K

Area of Science:

  • Cardiovascular Science
  • Endocrinology
  • Women's Health

Background:

  • Hormone replacement therapy (HRT) influences cardiovascular health through estrogen's effects on metabolic factors and arteries.
  • Potential harms include coagulation activation and adverse vascular remodeling from high initial doses.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the cardiovascular effects, both beneficial and harmful, of hormone replacement therapy (HRT).
  • To determine the optimal timing for initiating HRT to maximize cardiovascular benefits and minimize risks.

Main Methods:

  • Review of observational studies and randomized clinical trials on HRT and cardiovascular outcomes.
  • Analysis of estrogen's direct arterial effects and impact on metabolic risk factors.

Main Results:

  • Observational studies suggest HRT reduces coronary heart disease (CHD) incidence.
  • Randomized trials indicate benefits are limited to women initiating HRT within several years of menopause.
  • Initiation within 10 years of menopause may offer cardiovascular benefits, including primary CHD prevention, while reducing stroke and venous thrombo-embolism risks.

Conclusions:

  • The timing of HRT initiation is critical for cardiovascular outcomes.
  • Early initiation of HRT (within 10 years of menopause) may provide cardiovascular benefits, particularly for primary prevention of CHD.
  • Careful consideration of age at initiation is necessary to balance potential benefits against risks such as stroke and venous thrombo-embolism.