Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Ischemic Stroke l: Introduction

Ischemic Stroke l: Introduction

Ischemic stroke is an acute cerebrovascular condition in which blood flow to a brain region is suddenly interrupted, leading to tissue infarction. Neurons depend on continuous oxygen and glucose supply, so even brief reductions in perfusion cause energy failure, ionic imbalance, and irreversible injury. Ischemic strokes are classified into thrombotic and embolic types based on their underlying mechanisms.Thrombotic MechanismsThrombotic stroke develops when a clot forms within a cerebral artery.

Stroke: Introduction and Types

Stroke: Introduction and Types

A stroke is an acute neurological event caused by the sudden disruption of cerebral blood flow, leading to rapid loss of neuronal function. Neurons depend on continuous oxygen and glucose supply, so even brief interruptions can cause irreversible injury within minutes. Strokes are classified into ischemic and hemorrhagic types.Ischemic StrokeIschemic strokes are most common and occur due to arterial occlusion, depriving brain tissue of oxygen and nutrients. This leads to energy failure, ionic...

Ischemic Stroke ll: Pathophysiology

Ischemic Stroke ll: Pathophysiology

An ischemic stroke occurs when a cerebral blood vessel becomes obstructed, most often by a thrombus or embolus, interrupting the delivery of oxygen and glucose to brain tissue. Because neurons rely on continuous aerobic metabolism, energy failure begins within minutes of reduced perfusion. The region receiving the least blood flow becomes the infarct core, an area of irreversible cellular death. Surrounding this core lies the penumbra, a zone of hypoperfused but still viable tissue that is...

Diabetic Retinopathy

Diabetic Retinopathy

DefinitionDiabetic retinopathy is a microvascular complication of diabetes affecting the retinal blood vessels.Risk FactorsDiabetic retinopathy is present in almost all individuals with type 1 diabetes and more than 60% of those with type 2 diabetes after two decades of disease.The risk increases with poor glycemic control, hypertension, dyslipidemia, smoking, pregnancy, and puberty.Although cataracts and glaucoma are also more frequent in people with diabetes, retinopathy remains the leading...

Hemorrhagic Stroke ll: Pathophysiology

Hemorrhagic Stroke ll: Pathophysiology

A hemorrhagic stroke develops when a cerebral blood vessel ruptures, allowing blood to escape into the surrounding brain tissue, as in intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), or into the subarachnoid space, as in subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). Because the skull is a rigid compartment, the sudden presence of extravascular blood rapidly increases intracranial pressure and compresses adjacent neural structures, leading to immediate tissue injury and impaired cerebral perfusion.Mass Effect and Primary...

Transient Ischemic Attack l: Introduction

Transient Ischemic Attack l: Introduction

A transient ischemic attack (TIA) is a brief episode of neurological dysfunction caused by a temporary, focal reduction in cerebral blood flow. Although symptoms resemble those of an ischemic stroke, the interruption in perfusion is short-lived and does not cause permanent infarction. TIAs are clinically important because they often serve as early warning events for future stroke.Mechanisms of Transient Cerebral IschemiaTransient cerebral ischemia may arise through several mechanisms. One...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Rates, risks and routes to reduce vascular dementia (R4VaD), a UK-wide multicentre prospective observational cohort study of cognition after stroke: baseline data and statistical analysis plan (ISRCTN18274006).

Cerebrovascular diseases extra·2026

Same author

Retinal and Choroidal Metrics Are Dynamic Markers of the Maternal Vascular Response to Pregnancy.

Hypertension (Dallas, Tex. : 1979)·2026

Same author

Implications of Cranial Arterial Stenosis and Dolichoectasia for Cerebral Small-Vessel Disease Etiopathogenesis: Findings From a Prospective Mild Stroke Cohort.

Circulation·2026

Same author

Relevance of the diffusion tensor imaging along the perivascular space (DTI-ALPS) index in small vessel disease - A study in patients with mild ischaemic stroke.

Neurobiology of aging·2026

Same author

Baseline characteristics of patients recruited to the mannitol for cerebral oedema after acute intracerebral haemorrhage (MACE-ICH) trial.

Clinical neurology and neurosurgery·2026

Same author

Commentary on: Wong YL, Wong SW, Ting DSJ, Muralidhar A, Sen S, Schaff O, et al. Impacts of climate change on ocular health: A scoping review. J Clim Chang Heal. 2024 Jan 1;15:100296. doi: 10.1016/j.joclim.2023.100296.

The journal of climate change and health·2026

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 27, 2026

A Murine Model of Ischemic Retinal Injury Induced by Transient Bilateral Common Carotid Artery Occlusion

A Murine Model of Ischemic Retinal Injury Induced by Transient Bilateral Common Carotid Artery Occlusion

Published on: November 12, 2020

Retinopathy in ischemic stroke subtypes.

Fergus N Doubal¹, Baljean Dhillon, Martin S Dennis

¹Division of Clinical Neurosciences, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, UK. fergus.doubal@ed.ac.uk

|December 20, 2008

Summary

This study found no significant difference in retinopathy rates between lacunar stroke and cortical stroke patients. Further research with larger sample sizes may explore other retinal vascular abnormalities for potential associations.

More Related Videos

Quantification of Vascular Parameters in Whole Mount Retinas of Mice with Non-Proliferative and Proliferative Retinopathies

Quantification of Vascular Parameters in Whole Mount Retinas of Mice with Non-Proliferative and Proliferative Retinopathies

Published on: March 12, 2022

In Vivo Vascular Injury Readouts in Mouse Retina to Promote Reproducibility

In Vivo Vascular Injury Readouts in Mouse Retina to Promote Reproducibility

Published on: April 21, 2022

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 27, 2026

A Murine Model of Ischemic Retinal Injury Induced by Transient Bilateral Common Carotid Artery Occlusion

A Murine Model of Ischemic Retinal Injury Induced by Transient Bilateral Common Carotid Artery Occlusion

Published on: November 12, 2020

Quantification of Vascular Parameters in Whole Mount Retinas of Mice with Non-Proliferative and Proliferative Retinopathies

Quantification of Vascular Parameters in Whole Mount Retinas of Mice with Non-Proliferative and Proliferative Retinopathies

Published on: March 12, 2022

In Vivo Vascular Injury Readouts in Mouse Retina to Promote Reproducibility

In Vivo Vascular Injury Readouts in Mouse Retina to Promote Reproducibility

Published on: April 21, 2022

Area of Science:

Neurology
Ophthalmology
Vascular Medicine

Background:

Lacunar stroke is linked to cerebral small vessel disease, potentially involving increased blood-brain barrier permeability.
Retinal arterioles share similarities with cerebral small vessels, and retinopathy can result from increased blood-retinal barrier permeability.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate if patients with acute lacunar stroke exhibit higher rates of retinopathy compared to those with acute cortical stroke.
To explore the association between retinopathy and ischemic stroke subtype.

Main Methods:

Prospective recruitment of patients with acute lacunar and cortical ischemic stroke.
Stroke diagnosis and subtyping by an experienced physician using clinical features and MRI.
Grading of retinopathy from dilated digital retinal photographs by a trained physician blinded to stroke type.

Main Results:

Analysis included 214 patients (105 lacunar, 109 cortical strokes).
Retinopathy prevalence was 18% in lacunar and 19% in cortical stroke groups.
After adjusting for age, hypertension, and diabetes, retinopathy was not significantly associated with stroke subtype.

Conclusions:

The study did not establish a strong association between retinopathy and ischemic stroke subtype.
Larger studies or examination of other retinal vascular abnormalities may reveal positive associations.