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Related Concept Videos

Fetal Circulation01:14

Fetal Circulation

Fetal circulation is a unique system that facilitates the exchange of gases, nutrients, and waste products between the developing fetus and the mother. This intricate process takes place through a special organ called the placenta.
Two umbilical arteries transport blood from the fetus to the placenta. At the placenta, the blood absorbs oxygen and nutrients while simultaneously eliminating waste products. This oxygen-enriched and nutrient-rich blood then returns to the fetus through one...
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Teratogenicity

The ability of a drug to produce structural deformations and functional abnormalities in the developing embryo or the fetus is called teratogenicity, and the drug producing this effect is known as a teratogen. Teratogenic effects include stillbirth, miscarriage, intrauterine growth restriction, and neurocognitive delay. A teratogen may affect the embryo at different stages of development, which is important in determining the type and extent of the damage. During blastocyst formation, the early...
Development of the Sexual Organs in the Embryo and Fetus01:15

Development of the Sexual Organs in the Embryo and Fetus

Development of the reproductive organs in an embryo starts from a bipotential state. This means the early embryo can develop either male or female reproductive organs. The formation of these organs begins with the growth of gonadal ridges that arise from the intermediate mesoderm during the fifth week of development.
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Fertilization01:38

Fertilization

During fertilization, an egg and sperm cell fuse to create a new diploid structure. In humans, the process occurs once the egg has been released from the ovary, and travels into the fallopian tubes. The process requires several key steps: 1) sperm present in the genital tract must locate the egg; 2) once there, sperm need to release enzymes to help them burrow through the protective zona pellucida of the egg; and 3) the membranes of a single sperm cell and egg must fuse, with the sperm...
Methods of Nuclear Reprogramming01:24

Methods of Nuclear Reprogramming

Nuclear reprogramming is a process of transforming one cell type into an unrelated cell type by epigenetic changes that alter the cell’s original gene expression pattern. Such epigenetic changes force cells to express a different set of genes, which play a significant role in inducing transformation into other cell types. Nuclear reprogramming offers applications in reproductive cloning for livestock propagation and regenerative medicine — developing patient-specific cells for injury repair.

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Instrumentation of Near-term Fetal Sheep for Multivariate Chronic Non-anesthetized Recordings
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Instrumentation of Near-term Fetal Sheep for Multivariate Chronic Non-anesthetized Recordings

Published on: October 25, 2015

[Fetal programming].

U Lang, D Fink, R Kimmig

    Gynakologisch-Geburtshilfliche Rundschau
    |December 20, 2008
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    The intrauterine environment significantly impacts fetal development and later-life health. Pregnancy factors establish long-term health trajectories through fetal programming.

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    Area of Science:

    • Reproductive biology
    • Developmental biology
    • Maternal-fetal medicine

    Background:

    • The intrauterine environment critically shapes fetal development, influencing immediate well-being and long-term health outcomes.
    • Pregnancy-related factors are increasingly recognized for their profound and lasting effects on an individual's health.
    • Concepts like 'fetal programming' highlight the prenatal origins of later-life disease susceptibility.

    Discussion:

    • Understanding the intrauterine environment's role is key to preventing chronic diseases.
    • Maternal health and environmental exposures during gestation have significant implications.
    • The developmental origins of health and disease (DOHaD) paradigm underscores the importance of prenatal life.

    Key Insights:

    • The prenatal environment is a critical determinant of future health.
    • Fetal programming establishes lifelong health patterns.
    • Early life exposures have lasting biological consequences.

    Outlook:

    • Further research into specific intrauterine factors can identify novel prevention strategies.
    • Interventions targeting maternal health may mitigate risks for offspring.
    • Translating DOHaD principles into clinical practice is essential for public health.