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Updated: Jun 27, 2026

Single-stage Dynamic Reanimation of the Smile in Irreversible Facial Paralysis by Free Functional Muscle Transfer
Published on: March 1, 2015
1Department of Neurosurgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University, School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
Hemifacial spasm (HFS) involves involuntary facial muscle contractions, often caused by blood vessel compression of the facial nerve. This review details HFS causes, diagnosis, and treatments for optimal patient care.
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