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Susceptibility compensated fMRI study using a tailored RF echo planar imaging sequence.

Jun-Young Chung1, Hyo Woon Yoon, Young-Bo Kim

  • 1Neuroscience Research Institute, Gachon University of Medicine and Science, Incheon, Republic of Korea.

Journal of Magnetic Resonance Imaging : JMRI
|December 20, 2008
PubMed
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This study introduces a tailored radiofrequency (TRF) pulse technique to improve signal recovery in functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) echo-planar images (EPI). The method enhances signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) in susceptibility-affected brain regions.

Area of Science:

  • Neuroimaging
  • Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)
  • Functional MRI (fMRI)

Background:

  • Susceptibility artifacts in gradient-recalled echo-planar images (EPI) reduce signal quality in functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI).
  • Conventional EPI sequences struggle to compensate for these susceptibility-induced signal losses, particularly in challenging brain areas.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To implement a tailored radiofrequency (TRF) pulse with a quadratic phase profile for recovering susceptibility-induced signal losses in EPI.
  • To theoretically demonstrate and experimentally validate that reducing the maximum phase distribution in TRF pulses can improve signal-to-noise ratio (SNR).

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) experiment employing a tailored radiofrequency (TRF) pulse EPI sequence (TRF-EPI).

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  • Compared a novel quadratic TRF excitation with a pi phase distribution against standard radiofrequency (RF) excitation with a linear phase distribution.
  • Conducted experimental comparisons in human subjects during ventral brain activation.

    • Main Results:

    • The tailored radiofrequency (TRF) pulse with a quadratic phase profile significantly increased signal in susceptibility-affected areas.
    • Demonstrated theoretical and experimental evidence that reducing maximum phase distribution from 2pi to pi improves SNR.
    • Observed enhanced signal recovery in regions like the orbitofrontal and inferior temporal cortex.

    Conclusions:

    • The implemented TRF pulse technique effectively recovers signal losses caused by magnetic susceptibility artifacts in EPI.
    • Reducing the maximum phase distribution in TRF pulses leads to improved SNR and better signal recovery.
    • This technique shows promise as a valuable adjunct for enhancing fMRI studies, particularly in challenging brain regions.