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Related Concept Videos

Preventive Healthcare Services01:30

Preventive Healthcare Services

Preventive healthcare services keep people healthy via frequent check-ups, screening, and counseling. They primarily aid in disease prevention rather than treating an acute or chronic illness. Preventive treatment also keeps individuals productive and energetic, allowing them to work well into their retirement years. Examples of preventive care services include:
Strategies for Assessing and Addressing Confounding01:25

Strategies for Assessing and Addressing Confounding

Confounding is a critical issue in epidemiological studies, often leading to misleading conclusions about associations between exposures and outcomes. It occurs when the relationship between the exposure and the outcome is mixed with the effects of other factors that influence the outcome. Given that, addressing confounding is of high importance for drawing accurate inferences in research.
Confounding can be addressed at both the design phase of a study and through analytical methods after data...
Levels of Health Promotion and Illness Prevention01:26

Levels of Health Promotion and Illness Prevention

Health promotion allows a person to control the determinants of health, resulting in an improved health status. It enhances the quality of life and reduces premature deaths. Health promotion and illness prevention programs help people make beneficial choices to reduce the risk of disease and disabilities. There are three health promotion and illness prevention levels: primary, secondary, and tertiary prevention.
In primary prevention, actions taken before disease onset prevent the disease from...
Regression Toward the Mean01:52

Regression Toward the Mean

Regression toward the mean (“RTM”) is a phenomenon in which extremely high or low values—for example, and individual’s blood pressure at a particular moment—appear closer to a group’s average upon remeasuring. Although this statistical peculiarity is the result of random error and chance, it has been problematic across various medical, scientific, financial and psychological applications. In particular, RTM, if not taken into account, can interfere when researchers try to extrapolate results...
Types of Biopharmaceutical Studies: Controlled and Non-Controlled Approaches01:23

Types of Biopharmaceutical Studies: Controlled and Non-Controlled Approaches

Biopharmaceutical studies constitute a vital field aiming to enhance drug delivery methods and refine therapeutic approaches, drawing upon diverse interdisciplinary knowledge. In research methodologies, the choice between controlled and non-controlled studies significantly influences the study's reliability and accuracy.
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Bias in Epidemiological Studies01:29

Bias in Epidemiological Studies

Biases can arise at various stages of research, from study design and data collection to analysis and interpretation. Recognizing and addressing these biases is essential to ensure the validity and reliability of epidemiological findings.Broadly speaking, biases in epidemiology fall into three main categories: selection bias, information bias, and confounding. A more detailed description of possible biases is:

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 27, 2026

Implementation of a Real-Time Psychosis Risk Detection and Alerting System Based on Electronic Health Records using CogStack
07:31

Implementation of a Real-Time Psychosis Risk Detection and Alerting System Based on Electronic Health Records using CogStack

Published on: May 15, 2020

Using population attributable risk to help target preventive interventions for adolescent depression.

Karin Vander Ploeg Booth1, David Paunesku, Michael Msall

  • 1Section of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, Department of Pediatrics, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA.

International Journal of Adolescent Medicine and Health
|December 23, 2008
PubMed
Summary

Preventing adolescent depression is crucial. Key factors include interpersonal relationships, community involvement, and affect regulation, with sexual activity showing the highest population attributable risk (PAR) for new depressive episodes.

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Last Updated: Jun 27, 2026

Implementation of a Real-Time Psychosis Risk Detection and Alerting System Based on Electronic Health Records using CogStack
07:31

Implementation of a Real-Time Psychosis Risk Detection and Alerting System Based on Electronic Health Records using CogStack

Published on: May 15, 2020

Area of Science:

  • Public Health
  • Adolescent Psychology
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • Adolescent depression is a significant public health concern in the United States.
  • Population attributable risk (PAR) quantifies potential incidence reduction by removing risk factors.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the PAR of various vulnerability factors for new-onset depressive episodes in US adolescents.
  • To identify key targets for adolescent depression prevention strategies.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health (grades 7-12).
  • Assessed baseline socio-demographics, physical health, interpersonal relations, community/school factors, and cognition/affect regulation.
  • Predicted depressive episodes at one-year follow-up to calculate PAR.

Main Results:

  • Sexual activity had the highest PAR, excluding age. Interpersonal relations, especially family, were significant contributors.
  • Low constructive community involvement and high delinquent activity showed significant PAR.
  • Depressed mood had high PAR, while negative self-cognitions had lower PAR.

Conclusions:

  • Interventions should target affect regulation, existing depressed mood, and negative cognitions.
  • Preventive strategies should broaden to include interpersonal and community domains in adolescent life.