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Related Concept Videos

Angle Closure Glaucoma: Treatment01:28

Angle Closure Glaucoma: Treatment

Angle-closure glaucoma, or closed-angle glaucoma, is an eye condition where the iris bulges out and blocks the iridocorneal angle, resulting in a buildup of aqueous humor and increased intraocular pressure. Immediate medical attention is necessary due to the sudden onset of symptoms. The treatment for angle-closure glaucoma includes short-term and long-term approaches. Short-term treatment involves using eye drops like pilocarpine to lower intraocular pressure by increasing aqueous humor...
Open Angle Glaucoma: Treatment01:27

Open Angle Glaucoma: Treatment

In open-angle glaucoma, the iridocorneal angle remains open, but the trabecular meshwork becomes stiff, slowing down the outflow of aqueous humor. This causes a buildup of aqueous humor in the anterior chamber, leading to a sudden increase in intraocular pressure. The treatment for open-angle glaucoma focuses on reducing the elevated intraocular pressure by either decreasing the secretion of aqueous humor or increasing its outflow.
Drugs such as carbonic anhydrase inhibitors, α2- and...
Gene Therapy00:59

Gene Therapy

Gene therapy is a technique where a gene is inserted into a person’s cells to prevent or treat a serious disease. The added gene may be a healthy version of the gene that is mutated in the patient, or it could be a different gene that inactivates or compensates for the patient’s disease-causing gene. For example, in patients with severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) due to a mutation in the gene for the enzyme adenosine deaminase, a functioning version of the gene can be inserted. The...
Gene Therapy00:59

Gene Therapy

Gene therapy is a technique where a gene is inserted into a person’s cells to prevent or treat a serious disease. The added gene may be a healthy version of the gene that is mutated in the patient, or it could be a different gene that inactivates or compensates for the patient’s disease-causing gene. For example, in patients with severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) due to a mutation in the gene for the enzyme adenosine deaminase, a functioning version of the gene can be inserted. The...
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Glaucoma is an eye condition characterized by increased intraocular pressure that damages the retina and optic nerve, leading to irreversible blindness if left untreated. The human eye has various components, including the cornea, iris, pupil, lens, and optic nerve. Aqueous humor is secreted by the epithelium of the ciliary body in the posterior chamber and flows through the trabecular meshwork and canal of Schlemm, maintaining normal intraocular pressure. The trabecular meshwork and the canal...
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Ophthalmic drug delivery faces major limitations due to poor absorption across the corneal membrane. This process is primarily driven by diffusion and is influenced by two main factors: the physicochemical properties of the drug and tear drainage. Most ophthalmic drugs, such as pilocarpine, epinephrine, atropine, and local anesthetics, are weak bases. They are typically formulated at an acidic pH to enhance chemical stability. However, this leads to high ionization, reducing their ability to...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 27, 2026

Subconjunctival Administration of Adeno-associated Virus Vectors in Small Animal Models
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Ocular gene therapy: current progress and future prospects.

Pasqualina Colella1, Gabriella Cotugno, Alberto Auricchio

  • 1Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), Via Pietro Castellino 111, 80131 Naples, Italy.

Trends in Molecular Medicine
|December 23, 2008
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Gene therapy shows promise for treating inherited blindness. Ocular gene transfer is advancing with new vectors and delivery methods, offering hope for previously untreatable blinding diseases.

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Published on: November 2, 2018

Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Genetics
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • The eye's unique properties make it an ideal target for gene therapy due to favorable safety and efficacy.
  • Gene therapy is emerging as a viable treatment for inherited retinal diseases.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent advancements in ocular gene therapy.
  • To highlight the potential of gene transfer for treating blinding diseases.

Main Methods:

  • Review of viral and non-viral vectors for ocular gene transfer.
  • Analysis of intraocular delivery routes and regulatory elements.
  • Evaluation of gene transfer in animal models and early human trials.

Main Results:

  • Successful transduction of various ocular cell types using advanced vectors.
  • Sustained gene expression in animal models after single administration.
  • Positive safety and efficacy profiles in initial human trials for inherited blindness.

Conclusions:

  • Ocular gene therapy is a rapidly progressing field with significant therapeutic potential.
  • Early clinical successes suggest gene transfer can be a valuable strategy for untreatable blinding conditions.
  • Continued research promises further development of gene therapy for ocular diseases.