Surgical management of temporomandibular joint ankylosis

Ankylosis of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) is one of the causes of persistent and progressive limitation of mouth opening. It usually requires to be corrected surgically; an intervention not without complications. This study was conducted in a central surgical hospital in Iraq (Baghdad) in the era hallmarked by shortage of nearly all facilities needed to accomplish solutions for a surgical task. The surgical procedure is displayed along with modifications, complications, and follow-up protocol. Fifteen patients (21 joints) have been treated surgically for TMJ ankylosis of different severities. All patients were treated at the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Specialized Surgical Hospital-Baghdad Medical City, Iraq. The study was carried out in the period between 1998 and 2002 (inclusive). Patients' ages ranged between 4 and 52 years. In addition to the clinical diagnoses, further evaluation of the ankylosis area was assisted by the use of orthopantomography and spiral computerized scanning (axial, coronal sections, and three-dimensional views). Maximal incisal opening was registered before and after surgery for further follow-up evaluation. Al-Kayat and Bramely approach is advocated to expose the joint area. All 21 joints were operated through blind nasoendotracheal intubation general anesthesia. Computed tomography scans, wide exposures, aggressive resections, proper interposition materials, strict postoperative physiotherapy, and good family and patient compliance all may decrease the possibility of relapse and offer better results. Early management of TMJ ankylosis is important if more damage in orofacial structures and consolidation of bony union are to be avoided.