Stroma-epithelium crosstalk in prostate cancer

Area of Science:

• Oncology
• Cancer Biology
• Molecular Urology

Background:

• Stromal-epithelial crosstalk is increasingly recognized as critical in prostate cancer development and progression.
• Reactive stroma in prostate cancer features increased myofibroblasts, extracellular matrix production, and angiogenesis.
• Genetic mutations can occur in both stromal and tumor cells, influencing cancer progression.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the intricate interactions between prostate cancer cells and their microenvironment.
• To discuss potential therapeutic targets within the stromal compartment of prostate cancer.

Main Methods:

• Review of existing literature on stroma-epithelium interactions in prostate cancer.
• Analysis of paracrine factors mediating these interactions.
• Identification of signaling pathways involved in angiogenesis and cancer progression.

Main Results:

• Key paracrine factors like TGF-β, VEGF, and PDGF are involved in angiogenesis.
• Factors such as HGF, IGF-1, EGF, CXCL12, and IL-6 drive progression, androgen-independent growth, and metastasis.
• Some factors interact with androgens and the androgen receptor (AR), potentially activating AR without androgens.

Conclusions:

• Stromal-epithelial crosstalk significantly influences prostate cancer progression and metastasis.
• Targeting specific stromal factors and pathways presents a promising therapeutic avenue for prostate cancer treatment.