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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 27, 2026

Using Vertically Aligned Carbon Nanofiber Arrays on Rigid or Flexible Substrates for Delivery of Biomolecules and Dyes to Plants
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High density, vertically-aligned carbon nanotube membranes.

Miao Yu1, Hans H Funke, John L Falconer

  • 1Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Colorado 80309-0424, USA.

Nano Letters
|December 23, 2008
PubMed
Summary

Researchers developed high-density, vertically aligned carbon nanotube (VA-CNT) membranes with 3 nm pores. These membranes exhibit significantly higher gas permeance and permeability than existing VA-CNT membranes, showing promise for separation applications.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Nanotechnology
  • Chemical Engineering

Background:

  • Vertically aligned carbon nanotube (VA-CNT) membranes are promising for separation technologies.
  • Existing VA-CNT membranes often suffer from low gas flux due to pore sealing or small pore sizes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a method for preparing high-density VA-CNT membranes with controlled pore sizes.
  • To investigate the gas permeation properties and separation capabilities of these novel membranes.

Main Methods:

  • Preparation of VA-CNT arrays using chemical vapor deposition (CVD).
  • Collapsing CNT arrays into dense membranes via solvent evaporation-induced capillary forces.
  • Characterization of membrane pore size using nanofiltration of gold nanoparticles and N(2) adsorption.

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  • Measurement of gas permeance and selectivity.

    • Main Results:

    • Achieved high-density VA-CNT membranes with an average pore size of approximately 3 nm.
    • Demonstrated significantly higher gas permeances (1-4 orders of magnitude) and permeabilities (4-7 orders of magnitude) compared to literature values.
    • Observed gas permeances approximately 450 times higher than predicted by Knudsen diffusion, with selectivities matching or exceeding Knudsen selectivities.
    • Successfully separated a larger molecule (TIPO) from a smaller molecule (n-hexane) via pervaporation, suggesting potential for liquid mixture separations.

    Conclusions:

    • The developed method yields VA-CNT membranes with high flux and tunable pore sizes.
    • These membranes offer superior gas separation performance compared to existing VA-CNT membranes.
    • The membranes show potential for both gas and liquid mixture separation applications.