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Related Concept Videos

Stem Cell Therapy for Tissue Regeneration01:21

Stem Cell Therapy for Tissue Regeneration

Stem cell therapy is a method used in regenerative medicine to repair and restore function to damaged tissues and organs. Stem cells have the potential to proliferate and differentiate into various tissue types, making them ideal candidates for tissue regeneration. For example, hematopoietic stem cell transplants are commonly used in blood cancer treatment to replenish damaged bone marrow and restore healthy blood cells.
Types of Stem Cells used in Stem Cell Therapy
The two main cell types that...
Multipotency of Hematopoietic Stem Cells01:19

Multipotency of Hematopoietic Stem Cells

The hematopoietic stem cells or HSCs are multipotent, meaning they can differentiate and give rise to all blood and immune cells. HSCs are maintained in the quiescent stage until an external stimulus initiates their differentiation. The multipotent HSCs exist as two heterogeneous populations, long-term repopulating cells (LTRC) and short-term repopulating cells (STRC). The two HSC populations have different surface markers or receptors and are classified based on quiescence and long-term...
Regulation of Hematopoietic Stem Cells01:01

Regulation of Hematopoietic Stem Cells

All blood and immune cells are produced from the multipotent hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) by the process of hematopoiesis. However, they all have a limited life span. In addition, many are depleted in immune surveillance or combatting an injury or infection. This makes blood one of the most regenerative tissues. Hematopoiesis helps replenish these blood and immune cells, restoring the body's normal functioning. However, overproduction of blood and immune cells can make them cancerous or...
Cancer Stem Cells and Tumor Maintenance02:40

Cancer Stem Cells and Tumor Maintenance

Early diagnosis and treatment can often cure cancer. However, even with treatment, residual cells called cancer stem cells (CSC) might remain, often causing tumor recurrence. These cancer stem cells possess the potential for self-renewal and multi-lineage differentiation and are often responsible for the therapeutic resistance displayed in most cancers.
Cancer stem cells are thought to originate from tissue-specific normal stem cells or progenitor cells. The normal stem cells usually reside in...
Bone Marrow Sampling and Transplants01:22

Bone Marrow Sampling and Transplants

Bone marrow transplant is a potential cure for several diseases, including cancer and specific genetic disorders. Notably, this procedure is applicable for patients suffering from aplastic anemia, certain types of leukemia, severe combined immunodeficiency disease (SCID), Hodgkin's disease, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, multiple myeloma, thalassemia, sickle-cell disease, and certain cancers.
The transplant begins with high doses of chemotherapy and radiation treatment, which aim to destroy the...
Distinctive Features of Adult Stem Cells vs Cancer Stem Cells01:18

Distinctive Features of Adult Stem Cells vs Cancer Stem Cells

A stem cell is an unspecialized cell that can divide without limit as needed and can, under specific conditions, differentiate into specialized cells.
Adult stem cells
Adult stem cells are tissue-specific; hence, they divide to develop the tissue from which they originate. One type of adult stem cell is the epithelial stem cell, which gives rise to the keratinocytes in the multiple layers of epithelial cells in the epidermis of the skin. Adult bone marrow has three distinct types of stem cells:...

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Flow Cytometry to Estimate Leukemia Stem Cells in Primary Acute Myeloid Leukemia and in Patient-derived-xenografts, at Diagnosis and Follow Up
09:01

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Leukemia stem cells and human acute lymphoblastic leukemia.

Kathrin M Bernt1, Scott A Armstrong

  • 1Division of Hematology/Oncology, Children's Hospital, and Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.

Seminars in Hematology
|December 23, 2008
PubMed
Summary

Identifying leukemia stem cells (LSCs) in acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is crucial. Unlike acute myeloid leukemia (AML), ALL LSC existence and function remain unclear, impacting treatment strategies.

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Published on: February 9, 2016

Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Hematology
  • Cancer Biology

Background:

  • Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are proposed to drive tumor growth and treatment resistance.
  • Leukemia stem cells (LSCs) are well-characterized in acute myeloid leukemia (AML).
  • The role and origin of LSCs in acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) are less understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent findings on the existence and relevance of leukemia stem cells in ALL.
  • To discuss the potential cell of origin for ALL, distinguishing it from AML.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature and clinical findings on ALL subpopulations.
  • Comparative analysis of LSC characteristics between ALL and AML.

Main Results:

  • Evidence suggests primitive cell subpopulations in clinical ALL samples.
  • Contrasting views exist on ALL hierarchical organization versus AML.
  • Current evidence in childhood ALL suggests origin from committed lymphoid progenitors.

Conclusions:

  • The concept of LSCs in ALL requires further investigation.
  • Understanding ALL LSC origin is critical for developing effective therapies.
  • Distinguishing ALL LSC biology from AML is essential for targeted treatment approaches.