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Pharmacogenetics of Drug Targets: β₂-Adrenergic Receptors, Apo E, Thymidylate Synthase

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Genetic polymorphisms in drug targets have emerged as critical determinants of interindividual variability in drug response and toxicity. Pharmacogenomic investigations increasingly focus on identifying these variations to personalize and optimize therapeutic interventions. A drug target may be a receptor, enzyme, or signaling protein involved in pharmacologic responses or disease-related pathways. While early pharmacogenetic studies focused primarily on drug metabolism, current research...

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Updated: Jun 27, 2026

Intracellular Phosphoflow Cytometry of Acute Myeloid Leukemia Patient-Derived Xenotransplants

Intracellular Phosphoflow Cytometry of Acute Myeloid Leukemia Patient-Derived Xenotransplants

Published on: June 6, 2025

Pharmacogenetics in acute lymphoblastic leukemia.

Meyling H Cheok¹, Nicolas Pottier, Leo Kager

¹Jean-Pierre Aubert Research Center, INSERM U837, Genomics Core IRCL-IMPRT, Lille, France. Meyling.Cheok@inserm.fr

Seminars in Hematology

|December 23, 2008

Summary

Pharmacogenomics offers personalized treatment strategies for childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), aiming to improve drug efficacy and safety. This approach leverages genetic variability to optimize therapy for pediatric ALL patients, reducing relapses and enhancing cure rates.

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Murine Model of Leukemia Relapse to Induction Chemotherapy for Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia

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Area of Science:

Pediatric Oncology
Pharmacogenomics
Cancer Genetics

Background:

Childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) treatment has advanced significantly, with cure rates now exceeding 80%.
Despite progress, leukemia relapse remains a major challenge in pediatric oncology.
Optimizing existing therapies, rather than new drug discovery, has driven recent treatment improvements.

Purpose of the Study:

To review recent pharmacogenomic studies in pediatric ALL treatment.
To highlight the potential of pharmacogenomics in personalizing cancer therapy.
To establish childhood leukemia as a model for pharmacogenomic applications in cancer.

Main Methods:

Literature review of pharmacogenomic studies in pediatric ALL.
Analysis of research on human genome variability and drug response.
Synthesis of findings to illustrate pharmacogenomic potential.

Main Results:

Pharmacogenomic studies show promise for tailoring ALL treatment to individual patients.
Understanding genetic variations can optimize drug efficacy and reduce toxicity.
Childhood leukemia research serves as a key example for broader cancer pharmacogenomics.

Conclusions:

Pharmacogenomics is crucial for advancing personalized medicine in pediatric ALL.
Further research in pharmacogenomics can lead to improved outcomes and reduced relapse rates.
Childhood leukemia exemplifies the transformative impact of pharmacogenomics on cancer treatment.