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Updated: Jun 27, 2026
Murine Left Pulmonary Hilar Clamp Model of Lung Ischemia Reperfusion Injury
Published on: April 12, 2024
Potential for pulmonary protection by nebulized milrinone during warm ischemia
1Department of Organ Preservation Technology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.
Objective:
A method to compensate for the donor shortage may be the utilization of donation after cardiac death. The control of lung injury against warm ischemia is crucial in manipulating donors after cardiac death. Nebulization is a simple and feasible drug delivery route after cardiac death. Herein we have examined the potential effect of nebulized milrinone, a phosphodiesterase III inhibitor, on pulmonary warm ischemia.
Materials And Methods:
Deeply anesthetized rats were euthanized by exsanguination. Lungs were exposed to warm ischemia with ventilation up to 2 hours. Milrinone was nebulized for 10 minutes at the beginning of warm ischemia (n = 5). In the control group (n = 5), normal saline was nebulized for the same time. At given intervals, the lungs were partially resected to measure adenine nucleotide and cyclic adenosine monophosphate levels.
Results:
In both groups, lung tissue cyclic adenosine monophosphate levels decreased significantly at 2 hours after warm ischemia; however, there was no significant difference between the groups. Lung tissue adenosine triphosphate levels significantly decreased at 2 hours after ischemia in the control group, while they did not drop up to 2 hours in the milrinone group. Further, lung tissue adenosine triphosphate levels at 2 hours after ischemia were higher in the milrinone group than the control group.
Conclusions:
Our results confirmed that milrinone nebulization during warm ischemia maintained lung tissue adenosine triphosphate levels. Therefore, milrinone nebulization may have potential for lung protection against warm ischemia.
