Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Osmotic Pressure01:26

Osmotic Pressure

Osmosis is a process where solvent molecules move toward a solution through a semipermeable membrane. As the solution dilutes due to the entry of solvent, it expands. This expansion increases the hydrostatic pressure of the solution. When the hydrostatic pressure equals the osmotic pressure, osmosis stops.Osmotic pressure, denoted by Π, is the minimum pressure needed to prevent the solvent from passing into the solution by osmosis. The van 't Hoff equation calculates the osmotic pressure of an...
Modified-Release Drug Delivery Systems: Rate-Programmed II01:19

Modified-Release Drug Delivery Systems: Rate-Programmed II

Rate-programmed drug delivery systems release drugs in a controlled manner to maintain therapeutic levels. Three main designs include reservoir, matrix, and hybrid systems.Reservoir systems consist of a drug core enclosed within a membrane that controls drug release. In non-swelling reservoir systems, polymers like ethyl cellulose or polymethacrylates are used. These do not hydrate in aqueous media and control release through membrane thickness, porosity, or insolubility. This type includes...
Modified-Release Drug Delivery Systems: Rate-Programmed I01:22

Modified-Release Drug Delivery Systems: Rate-Programmed I

Rate-programmed drug delivery systems (DDS) are designed to release drugs at specific, controlled rates to maintain consistent therapeutic levels. These systems are categorized based on their release mechanisms, including dissolution-controlled DDS, diffusion-controlled DDS, and combined dissolution-diffusion-controlled DDS.In dissolution-controlled DDS, the release rate depends on the slow dissolution of the drug itself or the surrounding matrix. Drugs with inherently slow dissolution rates,...
Oral Drug Delivery Systems: Continuous-Release Systems01:26

Oral Drug Delivery Systems: Continuous-Release Systems

Continuous-release drug delivery systems offer a strategic approach to maintaining therapeutic drug levels over extended periods following oral administration. By modulating the release rate of active pharmaceutical ingredients, these systems minimize fluctuations in plasma concentrations, which enhances clinical efficacy and reduces the need for frequent dosing. Such characteristics make them particularly advantageous in managing chronic diseases where patient adherence and stable drug...
Modified-Release Drug Delivery Systems: Drug Release Characteristics01:22

Modified-Release Drug Delivery Systems: Drug Release Characteristics

Drug release from modified-release dosage forms is designed to achieve specific therapeutic effects by controlling the rate and extent of drug release. The classification of these drug release systems is based on key pharmacokinetic assumptions: drug disposition follows first-order kinetics, drug release is the rate-limiting step in absorption, and the released drug is rapidly and completely absorbed.There are four major models of drug release patterns. The first model is the slow zero-order...
Modified-Release Drug Delivery Systems: Stimuli-Activated01:30

Modified-Release Drug Delivery Systems: Stimuli-Activated

Stimuli-activated drug delivery systems are designed to release drugs in response to specific physical, chemical, or biological stimuli. These systems often utilize hydrogels—three-dimensional, hydrophilic polymer networks capable of swelling in aqueous environments and retaining significant fluid volumes. Upon exposure to particular stimuli, these hydrogels undergo structural transitions that allow the embedded drug to be released. Due to this adaptive behavior, such systems are also called...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

A Novel Colon PBPK Model: Navigating the Rational Drug Design for Small-Molecule Colon-Selective Therapies.

Journal of medicinal chemistry·2025
Same author

Voices in <i>Molecular Pharmaceutics</i>: Meet Dr. Kenneth Waterman, Who Brings Drugs to Patients Faster.

Molecular pharmaceutics·2025
Same author

The activity and expression of adenylosuccinate lyase were reduced during modern human evolution, affecting brain and behavior.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·2025
Same author

Oxygen-Dependent Accelerated Stability Modeling of Drug Products.

Molecular pharmaceutics·2025
Same author

Deconstructing Annealing Phenomena in Modified Release Lipid Multiparticulates.

Molecular pharmaceutics·2025
Same author

Accelerated stability modeling of recrystallization from amorphous solid Dispersions: A Griseofulvin/HPMC-AS case study.

International journal of pharmaceutics·2024

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 26, 2026

Quantitative and Temporal Control of Oxygen Microenvironment at the Single Islet Level
11:49

Quantitative and Temporal Control of Oxygen Microenvironment at the Single Islet Level

Published on: November 17, 2013

Extrudable core system: development of a single-layer osmotic controlled-release tablet.

Kenneth C Waterman1, Bruce C MacDonald, Michael C Roy

  • 1Pfizer Global Research and Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, CT 06340, USA. ken.waterman@pfizer.com

Journal of Controlled Release : Official Journal of the Controlled Release Society
|December 23, 2008
PubMed
Summary

A novel extrudable core system (ECS) tablet offers controlled osmotic delivery for high-dose, poorly soluble drugs. This innovative dosage form effectively manages drug release rates, even with substantial API content.

More Related Videos

Scalable Fabrication of Stretchable, Dual Channel, Microfluidic Organ Chips
14:44

Scalable Fabrication of Stretchable, Dual Channel, Microfluidic Organ Chips

Published on: October 20, 2018

Generation of Dynamical Environmental Conditions using a High-Throughput Microfluidic Device
14:48

Generation of Dynamical Environmental Conditions using a High-Throughput Microfluidic Device

Published on: April 17, 2021

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 26, 2026

Quantitative and Temporal Control of Oxygen Microenvironment at the Single Islet Level
11:49

Quantitative and Temporal Control of Oxygen Microenvironment at the Single Islet Level

Published on: November 17, 2013

Scalable Fabrication of Stretchable, Dual Channel, Microfluidic Organ Chips
14:44

Scalable Fabrication of Stretchable, Dual Channel, Microfluidic Organ Chips

Published on: October 20, 2018

Generation of Dynamical Environmental Conditions using a High-Throughput Microfluidic Device
14:48

Generation of Dynamical Environmental Conditions using a High-Throughput Microfluidic Device

Published on: April 17, 2021

Area of Science:

  • Pharmaceutical Technology
  • Drug Delivery Systems
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • High doses of poorly soluble active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) present challenges for effective drug delivery.
  • Existing controlled-release formulations may struggle with high API loads and specific release profiles.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and characterize a novel controlled-release tablet system for osmotic delivery of high-dose, low-solubility APIs.
  • To evaluate the drug release characteristics and performance of the new dosage form.

Main Methods:

  • Development of a single-core tablet with a semi-permeable coating and an extrudable core system (ECS).
  • Formulation included hydroxyethylcellulose for API entrainment and a sugar for osmotic pressure.
  • Characterization of the tablet's ability to deliver APIs osmotically.

Main Results:

  • The ECS tablet successfully achieved controlled osmotic delivery of APIs.
  • The system demonstrated consistent drug release over a range of delivery rates.
  • Effective delivery was achieved even with up to 50% API content (approx. 500 mg).

Conclusions:

  • The developed extrudable core system (ECS) tablet is a viable dosage form for osmotically delivering high doses of poorly soluble APIs.
  • This technology offers a promising approach for controlled drug release with high API loading.
  • The system provides flexibility in managing drug delivery rates for challenging APIs.