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Updated: Jun 26, 2026

Synthetic, Multi-Layer, Self-Oscillating Vocal Fold Model Fabrication
Published on: December 2, 2011
Sulcus configurations of vocal folds during phonation
Jae-Yol Lim1, Jaeock Kim, Seong Hee Choi
1Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Institute of Logopedics and Phoniatrics, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
Conclusion:
A detailed understanding of clinical and voice characteristics will help to differentiate sulcus configuration and plan rational management strategies for each type.
Objectives:
To investigate the clinical and voice characteristics of patients with sulcus configuration of vocal folds during phonation.
Patients And Methods:
A total of 146 patients with bilateral sulcus configuration of vocal folds were enrolled in this study. Based on videostroboscopic findings, patients were classified into three groups: physiologic sulcus configuration group (type I), pathologic sulcus configuration group, including sulcus vergeture (type II), and sulcus vocalis (type III). Voice analyses were obtained from a recorded speech sample.
Results:
Thirty-two patients (21.9%) were type I, 61 (41.8%) were type II, and 53 (36.3%) were type III. Different sulcus configuration groups had significantly different roughness and mean fundamental frequency. Type III was significantly different from type I and type II in grade, breathiness, mean flow rate, subglottic pressure, maximum phonation time, Jitter%, and harmonics to noise ratio. The pathologic sulcus showed distinctive features in electroglottograph waveform.
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