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Published on: February 23, 2014
[Nosocomial infections: main causative agents]
Introduction:
Nosocomial Infections acquired within a care unit, may be related to various agents (Bacteria, virus, fungi, parasites...). The study purpose is to give relevent data on the main causative agents.
Main Agents:
The authors have shown the prevalent role of bacteria, mainly Enterobacteria, Staphylococcus and Pseudomonas; Legionella is also frequently isolated in some countries. Multiresistant Bacteria could be sometimes associated to nosocomial infections and severe infections. Among Nosocomial Virus: VRS, Rotavirus, Hepatitis B and C Viruses, HIV, Influenza Virus are cited. Fungal Agents (Aspergillus, Candida), Plasmodium, Non Conventional Agents (Prions) are also causative agents of Nosocomial Infection.
Conclusion:
The Isolation of contagious Agent in a hospitalized patient is not the only criteria for Nosocomial Infection typing; Rigorous analysis needed to be done for every case.
Insights
Nosocomial infections are caused by diverse agents including bacteria, viruses, and fungi. Identifying the specific causative agent requires rigorous analysis beyond simple isolation.
Area of Science:
- Infectious Diseases
- Microbiology
- Public Health
Background:
- Nosocomial infections, acquired in healthcare settings, pose significant risks.
- These infections can stem from a wide array of pathogens, including bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites.
Purpose of the Study:
- To provide essential data on the primary causative agents of nosocomial infections.
- To highlight the spectrum of microbial and other agents responsible for healthcare-associated infections.
Main Methods:
- Review of existing literature and epidemiological data.
- Analysis of reported causative agents in nosocomial infection cases.
Main Results:
- Bacteria, particularly Enterobacteria, Staphylococcus, and Pseudomonas, are prevalent. Legionella is significant in certain regions.
- Multidrug-resistant bacteria are frequently implicated in severe nosocomial infections.
- Viruses (e.g., RSV, Hepatitis B/C, HIV, Influenza), fungi (Aspergillus, Candida), parasites (Plasmodium), and prions are also identified as causative agents.
Conclusions:
- Isolation of an infectious agent from a hospitalized patient is insufficient for definitive nosocomial infection typing.
- Comprehensive and rigorous case-by-case analysis is crucial for accurate diagnosis and management.
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