Using the knowledge-and-appraisal personality architecture to predict self-efficacy within individual persons
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Updated: Jun 26, 2026

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Published on: September 11, 2021
1Department of Recreation, Parks, and Leisure Services, Minnesota State University, Mankato 56601, USA. james.wise@mnsu.edu
Abstract:
The knowledge-and-appraisal personality architecture has potential as a theoretical framework for understanding the formation of self-efficacy in individuals. Two patterns were observed within 14 of 17 individual persons: a pattern of strong self-efficacy was displayed across outdoor recreation activities for which a self-descriptive attribute was viewed as an asset to successful performances, and a pattern of relatively weak self-efficacy was observed across outdoor recreation activities for which the same attribute was considered a hindrance to performances. Although the theory predicts self-efficacy within individuals, more research is needed to assess why the theory is not accurate in all cases.
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