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Related Concept Videos

Genome-wide Association Studies-GWAS01:11

Genome-wide Association Studies-GWAS

Genome-wide association studies or GWAS are used to identify whether common SNPs are associated with certain diseases. Suppose specific SNPs are more frequently observed in individuals with a particular disease than those without the disease. In that case, those SNPs are said to be associated with the disease. Chi-square analysis is performed to check the probability of the allele likely to be associated with the disease.
GWAS does not require the identification of the target gene involved in...
Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms-SNPs01:05

Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms-SNPs

A single nucleotide polymorphism or SNP is a single nucleotide variation at a specific genomic position in a large population. It is the most prevalent type of sequence variation found in the human genome. Point mutations that occur in more than 1% of the population qualify as SNPs. These are present once every 1000 nucleotides on an average in the human genome. Replacement of a purine with another purine (A/G) or a pyrimidine with another pyrimidine (C/T) is known as a transition. In contrast,...
Comparing Copy Number Variations and SNPs02:26

Comparing Copy Number Variations and SNPs

Sequencing of the human genome has opened up several best-kept secrets of the genome. Scientists have identified thousands of genome variations that exist within a population. These variations can be a single nucleotide or a larger chromosomal variation.
Copy number variations or CNVs are the structural variations that cover more than 1kb of DNA sequence. The single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP), on the other hand, is a single nucleotide change or a point mutation that is found in more than 1%...
Pharmacogenomics: Identification of New Drug Targets01:29

Pharmacogenomics: Identification of New Drug Targets

Advances in genomics have profoundly influenced drug discovery by increasing both the speed and accuracy of pharmaceutical development. Pharmacogenomics, which examines how genetic variation influences drug response, facilitates the identification of novel therapeutic targets and enables patient stratification for personalized treatment. These strategies contribute to improved drug efficacy, minimized adverse effects, and more efficient clinical trial design.Mapping genetic differences...
Principles of Pharmacogenetics: Types of Genetic Variants01:27

Principles of Pharmacogenetics: Types of Genetic Variants

The human genome is over 99.9% identical between individuals, yet genetic differences exist at millions of bases. The human genome contains approximately 3 million variant positions per individual, many of which are heterozygous, contributing to genetic diversity and individual traits. Genetic variations include single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), insertions, deletions, and copy number variations (CNVs).SNPs, the most common variation, involve single-base changes in DNA. These can be...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 26, 2026

Candidate Gene Testing in Clinical Cohort Studies with Multiplexed Genotyping and Mass Spectrometry
05:53

Candidate Gene Testing in Clinical Cohort Studies with Multiplexed Genotyping and Mass Spectrometry

Published on: June 21, 2018

A systematic search for SNPs/haplotypes associated with disease phenotypes using a haplotype-based stepwise

Yin Yang1, Shuying Sue Li, Jason W Chien

  • 1Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, 1100 Fairview Ave, N, Seattle, WA 98109, USA. yyang2@u.washington.edu

BMC Genetics
|December 24, 2008
PubMed
Summary

The Haplotype-Based Stepwise Procedure (HBSP) effectively removes extra Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) in genetic association studies. This method enhances analytical power and simplifies interpretation for more cost-effective research.

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Large-Scale Multi-Omics Genome-Wide Association Studies (Mo-GWAS): Guidelines for Sample Preparation and Normalization
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Large-Scale Multi-Omics Genome-Wide Association Studies (Mo-GWAS): Guidelines for Sample Preparation and Normalization

Published on: July 27, 2021

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Last Updated: Jun 26, 2026

Candidate Gene Testing in Clinical Cohort Studies with Multiplexed Genotyping and Mass Spectrometry
05:53

Candidate Gene Testing in Clinical Cohort Studies with Multiplexed Genotyping and Mass Spectrometry

Published on: June 21, 2018

Large-Scale Multi-Omics Genome-Wide Association Studies (Mo-GWAS): Guidelines for Sample Preparation and Normalization
08:27

Large-Scale Multi-Omics Genome-Wide Association Studies (Mo-GWAS): Guidelines for Sample Preparation and Normalization

Published on: July 27, 2021

Area of Science:

  • Genetics
  • Bioinformatics

Background:

  • Genotyping technologies allow for the analysis of multiple Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) for haplotype association studies.
  • Including unnecessary SNPs can decrease the power of haplotype-based association analysis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To propose and evaluate a Haplotype-Based Stepwise Procedure (HBSP) for eliminating extraneous SNPs.
  • To improve the power and efficiency of haplotype-based association analysis.

Main Methods:

  • Developed a Haplotype-Based Stepwise Procedure (HBSP) to identify and remove non-informative SNPs.
  • Applied HBSP to simulated and real genetic data from a study on the bactericidal/permeability-increasing (BPI) gene and pulmonary function.

Main Results:

  • HBSP maintained desired false positive error rates under the null hypothesis.
  • HBSP demonstrated adequate power to detect genetic associations in studies with varying subject numbers (500-2000).
  • Application of HBSP identified two specific SNPs with positive validation in the BPI gene study.

Conclusions:

  • HBSP preserves the core of haplotype-based association analysis while increasing power by excluding redundant SNPs.
  • Reducing the number of SNPs through HBSP leads to simpler interpretation and more cost-effective genetic studies.