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Vaccinations

Vaccinations

Infectious Diseases and Their Occurrence

Infectious Diseases and Their Occurrence

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Statistical Methods for Analyzing Epidemiological Data

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Bias in Epidemiological Studies

Bias in Epidemiological Studies

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Dosage Regimens: Partial Pharmacokinetic Parameters

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 26, 2026

Developing a Salivary Antibody Multiplex Immunoassay to Measure Human Exposure to Environmental Pathogens

Developing a Salivary Antibody Multiplex Immunoassay to Measure Human Exposure to Environmental Pathogens

Published on: September 12, 2016

Health worker densities and immunization coverage in Turkey: a panel data analysis.

Andrew D Mitchell¹, Thomas J Bossert, Winnie Yip

¹Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. amitchel@hsph.harvard.edu

Human Resources for Health

|December 24, 2008

Summary

Human resources for health (HRH) density is linked to vaccination coverage in Turkey. While initially positive, the association between HRH and immunization rates became negative over time, particularly in rural areas.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 26, 2026

Developing a Salivary Antibody Multiplex Immunoassay to Measure Human Exposure to Environmental Pathogens

Developing a Salivary Antibody Multiplex Immunoassay to Measure Human Exposure to Environmental Pathogens

Published on: September 12, 2016

Area of Science:

Public Health
Health Services Research
Global Health

Background:

Childhood immunization coverage is crucial for reducing mortality.
Existing research suggests a positive correlation between healthcare worker densities and immunization rates.
Limited data exists on the relationship between human resources for health (HRH) and vaccination coverage in developing countries over time.

Purpose of the Study:

To examine the association between HRH densities and Expanded Programme on Immunization (EPI) coverage in Turkey between 2000 and 2006.

Main Methods:

Utilized provincial-level data on HRH densities, vaccination coverage, and socioeconomic/demographic factors in Turkey.
Employed panel data regression methodologies, including random and fixed effects models, for analysis.

Main Results:

Combined HRH density (physicians, nurses, midwives, health officers) significantly correlated with vaccination rates, though the relationship shifted from positive to negative over time.
Physician and health officer densities showed significant associations mirroring aggregate HRH trends, while nurse/midwife densities were not consistently significant.
HRH densities had a stronger relationship with vaccination coverage in more rural provinces compared to densely populated areas.

Conclusions:

Evidence suggests a complex relationship between HRH densities and vaccination rates in Turkey, influenced by factors beyond simple per capita counts.
Health sector policies and national economic events (e.g., financial crisis) may have impacted HRH incentives and the observed HRH-vaccination link.
Further research is needed to validate these findings and understand the nuances of health worker density's impact on service provision globally.