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T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection

T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection

T cells are integral to our adaptive immune system, recognizing and effectively responding to foreign antigens. T cell activation and clonal selection are pivotal in orchestrating this immune response. This article elucidates these mechanisms, detailing the roles of cluster of differentiation (CD) markers, major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules, costimulatory signals, and the process of clonal selection.
Naive T cells that have not yet encountered an antigen express two primary CD...

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New Tools to Expand Regulatory T Cells from HIV-1-infected Individuals

New Tools to Expand Regulatory T Cells from HIV-1-infected Individuals

Published on: May 30, 2013

[Study on T cell subsets in HIV/AIDS patients].

Hai-Ying Li¹, Zhen-Huan Cao, Yun-Xia Ji

¹Beijing You'an Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069 China.

Zhonghua Shi Yan He Lin Chuang Bing Du Xue Za Zhi = Zhonghua Shiyan He Linchuang Bingduxue Zazhi = Chinese Journal of Experimental and Clinical Virology

|December 25, 2008

Summary

In HIV/AIDS patients, naive T cell counts decline while memory T cell proportions rise, impacting disease progression. This research clarifies immune system changes in HIV/AIDS pathogenesis.

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Area of Science:

Immunology
Virology
Cell Biology

Context:

Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infection leads to Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS), characterized by profound immune system dysregulation.
T lymphocytes, crucial for adaptive immunity, are primary targets of HIV, leading to their depletion and functional impairment.

Purpose:

To analyze naive and memory T cell subsets in HIV/AIDS patients.
To investigate the relationship between T cell subset alterations and HIV/AIDS disease progression.

Summary:

Flow cytometry detected T cell subsets in 79 HIV/AIDS patients and 15 controls.
Disease progression correlated with decreased CD4+ naive T cell counts and ratios (P < 0.001).
CD4+ central memory (Tcm) cell counts decreased (P < 0.001), but their ratio increased (P = 0.002), while effector memory (Tem) cell ratios increased (P < 0.001).
CD8+ naive T cell counts and ratios also decreased (P < 0.05), with no significant changes in CD8+ Tcm, Tem, or Temra subsets.

Impact:

Peripheral lymphocyte subsets are significantly altered in HIV/AIDS patients.
Decreased naive T cell counts and increased memory T cell proportions are key indicators of disease progression.
Understanding these T cell dynamics aids in elucidating HIV pathogenesis and informs potential therapeutic strategies.