[Matrix metalloproteinase 2 and 9 as the factor of head and neck tumor metastasis]

The levels of metalloproteinases (MMP-2,-9), their tissue inhibitors (TIMP-1,-2) and extracellular matrix metalloproteinase inducer (EMMPRIN) were studied in tumor tissue and blood serum from patients with head and neck squamous sell carcinoma. Immunohistochemical investigation showed much higher expression of MMP-9 and TIMP-1 in tumor tissue than MMP-2 and TIMP-2. Different expression of the studied parameters (except TIMP-1) in cancer cells and stroma was observed. Enhanced level of MMP-2,-9 and TIMP-2 expression was revealed mainly in fibrocytes, leukocytes and stromal extracellular matrix. Expression of EMMPRIN in tumor cells was higher than in stromal cells. It is possible that carcinoma cells express EMMPRIN to increase MMP production by surrounding cells. Significant decrease of inhibitor expression was observed in cells of carcinomas with N1 grade of metastasis than in tumors without metastasis. Also the decrease in TIMP-1 level was determined in blood serum of patients with metastasis to regional lymph nodes compared with serum of patients without metastasis. Thus, MMP-9 and TIMP-1 play an important role in the development of head and neck squamous sell carcinoma and TIMP-1 level in blood serum and cancer tissues is linked to first grade of regional lymph node metastasis.