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Related Concept Videos

Embryonic Stem Cells00:57

Embryonic Stem Cells

Embryonic stem (ES) cells were first discovered in mice in 1981 by Martin Evans. In 1998, James Thomson identified a method to isolate embryonic stem cells from humans. Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) are obtained from 3-5 day old embryos that remain unused after an in vitro fertilization procedure.
ES cells are grown in a culture medium where they can divide indefinitely, creating ES cell lines. Under certain conditions, ES cells can differentiate, either spontaneously into a variety of...
Embryonic Stem Cells00:58

Embryonic Stem Cells

Embryonic stem (ES) cells are undifferentiated pluripotent cells, meaning they can produce any cell type in the body. This gives them tremendous potential in science and medicine since they can generate specific cell types for use in research or to replace body cells lost due to damage or disease.
Zygotic Development And Stem Cell Formation01:10

Zygotic Development And Stem Cell Formation

The development of all multicellular organisms starts with the fusion of haploid cells called sperm and egg to form a diploid zygote. A zygote is a totipotent cell that can develop into a complete organism. The zygote undergoes cell division or cleavage to form an 8-cell mass. Until this stage, the cells are spherical, loosely attached, and remain totipotent. Totipotent cells are capable of developing both the embryonic and the extraembryonic tissues. However, as they continue to divide, they...
Maintenance of the ES Cell State01:14

Maintenance of the ES Cell State

The cells of the blastocyst inner cell mass only remain pluripotent for a short time. This state of pluripotency and self-renewal can be maintained in embryonic stem (ES) cell culture by adding specific chemicals or growth factors to ensure the cells can continue dividing and later differentiate into different cell types. In some cases, the cells are grown on a feeder layer of differentiated cells, which provides the growth factors and extracellular matrix components necessary for stem cell...
Determination01:51

Determination

During embryogenesis, cells become progressively committed to different fates through a two-step process: specification followed by determination. Specification is demonstrated by removing a segment of an early embryo, “neutrally” culturing the tissue in vitro—for example, in a petri dish with simple medium—and then observing the derivatives. If the cultured region gives rise to cell types that it would normally generate in the embryo, this means that it is specified. In contrast, determination...
Source And Potency Of Stem Cells01:27

Source And Potency Of Stem Cells

Stem cells are undifferentiated cells with extensive self-renewal properties that help them maintain their population during the fetal and adult stages of life. They can specialize in all cell types of the human body. However, their differential potential may vary and can be classified into five types. Stem cells can be (1) Totipotent, (2) Pluripotent, (3) Multipotent, (4) Oligopotent, and (5) Unipotent. Each stem cell has a specific origin; the fertilized egg or zygote is a totipotent cell and...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 26, 2026

Generation of Human Primordial Germ Cell-like Cells at the Surface of Embryoid Bodies from Primed-pluripotency Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells
12:06

Generation of Human Primordial Germ Cell-like Cells at the Surface of Embryoid Bodies from Primed-pluripotency Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells

Published on: January 11, 2019

Primordial germ cell specification from embryonic stem cells.

Wei Wei1, Tingting Qing, Xin Ye

  • 1Laboratory of Chemical Genomics, School of Chemical Biology and Biothechnology, Shenzhen Graduate School of Peking University, Shenzhen, China.

Plos One
|December 25, 2008
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

We developed an in vitro model for primordial germ cell (PGC) specification using embryonic stem (ES) cells. The embryoid body (EB) method more accurately recapitulates in vivo PGC development than attachment culture.

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Isolation and Derivation of Mouse Embryonic Germinal Cells
14:01

Isolation and Derivation of Mouse Embryonic Germinal Cells

Published on: October 22, 2009

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 26, 2026

Generation of Human Primordial Germ Cell-like Cells at the Surface of Embryoid Bodies from Primed-pluripotency Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells
12:06

Generation of Human Primordial Germ Cell-like Cells at the Surface of Embryoid Bodies from Primed-pluripotency Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells

Published on: January 11, 2019

Isolation and Derivation of Mouse Embryonic Germinal Cells
14:01

Isolation and Derivation of Mouse Embryonic Germinal Cells

Published on: October 22, 2009

Area of Science:

  • Developmental Biology
  • Stem Cell Biology
  • Reproductive Biology

Background:

  • Primordial germ cell (PGC) specification is essential for germline development.
  • In vivo studies face challenges like complex cellular environments and embryo manipulation difficulties.
  • An in vitro model using embryonic stem (ES) cells is desirable to overcome these limitations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the detailed process of PGC specification from ES cells in vitro.
  • To compare different methods for deriving PGCs from ES cells.
  • To establish a reliable in vitro model for studying PGC development.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized stella-GFP ES cells to study PGC specification.
  • Employed two differentiation methods: attachment culture and embryoid body (EB) formation.
  • Developed an in vitro model in a chemically defined medium (CDM).

Main Results:

  • Neither Stella-positive nor Stella-negative ES cells mirrored PGC gene expression.
  • The EB method, with sequential Peg3 and Igf2r erasure, more faithfully recapitulated in vivo PGC gene expression dynamics (T, Fgf8, Sox17, epiblast markers) compared to attachment culture.
  • BMP4 and Wnt3a promoted PGC derivation in the CDM model; BMP8b and activinA had no significant effect.

Conclusions:

  • An established in vitro model successfully recapitulates in vivo PGC developmental processes.
  • This model offers new insights into the mechanisms underlying PGC specification.
  • The EB method is superior for in vitro PGC derivation from ES cells.