Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Arboviral Encephalitis01:25

Arboviral Encephalitis

Arboviral encephalitis refers to brain inflammation caused by arthropod-borne viruses, particularly those transmitted through mosquito vectors. Among these, West Nile virus (WNV), a member of the Flaviviridae family, is a significant public health concern. WNV is an enveloped, positive-sense, single-stranded RNA virus. Human infection typically begins when an infected mosquito introduces the virus into the dermis during feeding. The primary transmission cycle involves birds as amplifying hosts...
Encephalitis l: Introduction01:19

Encephalitis l: Introduction

Encephalitis is inflammation of the brain parenchyma, most often due to infections or autoimmune processes. It presents with neuropsychiatric features such as fever, altered mental status, behavioral changes, cognitive dysfunction, seizures, focal deficits, and sometimes autonomic instability. In some cases, the meninges are also involved, resulting in meningoencephalitis.Infectious CausesInfectious encephalitis is most commonly viral but can also result from bacterial, fungal, or parasitic...
Encephalitis ll: Pathophysiology01:26

Encephalitis ll: Pathophysiology

Encephalitis is inflammation of the brain parenchyma caused by direct viral invasion or immune-mediated mechanisms triggered by infections or tumors. Both processes lead to neuronal injury, disrupted neurotransmission, and diverse neurological symptoms, often with overlapping clinical and pathological features.Autoimmune EncephalitisIn autoimmune encephalitis, antibodies target neuronal antigens on cell surfaces, synapses, or within neurons. A key example is anti-NMDAR encephalitis, which can...
Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever01:26

Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever

Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever (RMSF) is a severe tick-borne illness caused by Rickettsia rickettsii, a Gram-negative, coccobacillary bacterium. This pathogen is an obligate intracellular parasite, requiring a host cell for replication. Transmission occurs through the bite of an infected tick. In the United States, the most important vectors are Dermacentor variabilis (American dog tick) and Dermacentor andersoni (Rocky Mountain wood tick), though other tick species may also serve as vectors.
Rabies01:28

Rabies

Rabies is a lethal zoonotic disease caused by a single-stranded, negative-sense RNA virus of the Lyssavirus genus, within the family Rhabdoviridae. Its primary mode of transmission to humans is through bites or saliva-contaminated scratches from infected mammals such as dogs, bats, raccoons, or foxes. Transmission can also occur if infectious saliva contacts abraded skin or intact mucous membranes, including the conjunctiva.Viral Entry and Early ReplicationOnce introduced at the bite or scratch...
Poliomyelitis01:17

Poliomyelitis

Poliomyelitis is caused by poliovirus, a small, non-enveloped, positive-sense RNA virus of the Picornaviridae family and Enterovirus genus. Transmission occurs primarily via the fecal-oral route, often through ingestion of contaminated water or food. The virus initially replicates in the oropharynx and intestinal mucosa, particularly in lymphoid tissues such as the tonsils, Peyer’s patches, and regional lymph nodes. Primary viremia follows, allowing dissemination throughout the body.In most...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Adjunct dexamethasone in herpes simplex virus encephalitis - Authors' reply.

The Lancet. Neurology·2026
Same author

An international study on emerging arboviral infections and blood safety.

Transfusion·2026
Same author

ONWARD: A one health, pan-European multidisciplinary network advancing surveillance, research, clinical management and control of zoonotic hepeviruses.

Journal of clinical virology : the official publication of the Pan American Society for Clinical Virology·2026
Same author

Circulation Patterns, Genetic Diversity, and Public Health Implications of Enterovirus D68, Europe, 2014-2024.

Emerging infectious diseases·2026
Same author

Next generation sequencing approaches for the detection and characterization of enteroviruses in clinical, public health, and research settings: Expert view of the European non-polio enterovirus network (ENPEN).

Journal of clinical virology : the official publication of the Pan American Society for Clinical Virology·2026
Same author

Bacterial screening of platelet donations in England, 2014-2023.

Vox sanguinis·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 26, 2026

A Cell Culture Model for Producing High Titer Hepatitis E Virus Stocks
10:28

A Cell Culture Model for Producing High Titer Hepatitis E Virus Stocks

Published on: June 26, 2020

Case report: Eastern equine encephalitis virus imported to the UK.

Heli Harvala1, John Bremner, Susan Kealey

  • 1Specialist Virology Centre, Edinburgh Royal Infirmary, Edinburgh, United Kingdom. heli.simmonds@hotmail.com

Journal of Medical Virology
|December 25, 2008
PubMed
Summary

Eastern equine encephalitis (EEE), a severe mosquito-borne illness, is rare in the US. This report details the first imported EEE case to Europe, contracted by a Scottish tourist in the United States.

More Related Videos

Detection of Infectious Virus from Field-collected Mosquitoes by Vero Cell Culture Assay
07:23

Detection of Infectious Virus from Field-collected Mosquitoes by Vero Cell Culture Assay

Published on: June 9, 2011

A Model for Epilepsy of Infectious Etiology using Theiler's Murine Encephalomyelitis Virus
05:33

A Model for Epilepsy of Infectious Etiology using Theiler's Murine Encephalomyelitis Virus

Published on: June 23, 2022

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 26, 2026

A Cell Culture Model for Producing High Titer Hepatitis E Virus Stocks
10:28

A Cell Culture Model for Producing High Titer Hepatitis E Virus Stocks

Published on: June 26, 2020

Detection of Infectious Virus from Field-collected Mosquitoes by Vero Cell Culture Assay
07:23

Detection of Infectious Virus from Field-collected Mosquitoes by Vero Cell Culture Assay

Published on: June 9, 2011

A Model for Epilepsy of Infectious Etiology using Theiler's Murine Encephalomyelitis Virus
05:33

A Model for Epilepsy of Infectious Etiology using Theiler's Murine Encephalomyelitis Virus

Published on: June 23, 2022

Area of Science:

  • Arbovirology
  • Neuroscience
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Eastern equine encephalitis (EEE) is a rare but severe mosquito-borne viral illness endemic to the Eastern United States.
  • EEE has a high case fatality rate, approximately 30%.

Observation:

  • A case of EEE is presented in a Scottish tourist who contracted the virus during a holiday in the United States.
  • This represents the first documented imported case of EEE to Europe.

Findings:

  • The study confirms the potential for EEE virus transmission to non-endemic populations and international travel.
  • The patient acquired the infection through mosquito bites while in the US.

Implications:

  • This case highlights the importance of considering EEE in differential diagnoses for patients with similar symptoms returning from endemic areas.
  • It underscores the need for enhanced surveillance and public health awareness regarding mosquito-borne diseases in international travel.
  • The report emphasizes the global reach of EEE and the potential for its introduction into new geographical regions.