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Related Concept Videos

Drug Delivery Systems: Different Types01:27

Drug Delivery Systems: Different Types

Conventional oral drug products, termed immediate-release (IR) formulations, are engineered to promptly release their active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) upon ingestion, typically in tablets or capsules. This rapid release often results in swift drug absorption and consequent pharmacodynamic effects, although the timing and intensity can vary depending on the drug's properties. Prodrugs within these formulations require metabolic conversion to activate their pharmacodynamic effects,...
Oral Drug Delivery Systems: Introduction01:23

Oral Drug Delivery Systems: Introduction

Oral drug delivery is the most common route of administration due to its convenience, cost-effectiveness, and high patient compliance. It enables precise formulation to ensure proper drug dosage and bioavailability. The development of oral dosage forms considers drug properties such as solubility, stability, and absorption to optimize therapeutic efficacy.Tablets, capsules, liquids, and chewable formulations enhance drug stability, mask undesirable tastes, and improve patient experience.
Modified-Release Drug Delivery Systems: Overview01:19

Modified-Release Drug Delivery Systems: Overview

Modified-release dosage forms are designed to address the limitations of drugs with short biological half-lives. These forms maintain stable therapeutic drug concentrations over extended periods, reducing the need for frequent dosing. A consistent drug level helps minimize peak-trough fluctuations, which can reduce adverse effects, lower the risk of drug resistance, and improve overall treatment effectiveness.One common type of modified-release form is the extended-release (ER) formulation. ER...
Modified-Release Drug Delivery Systems: Drug Release Characteristics01:22

Modified-Release Drug Delivery Systems: Drug Release Characteristics

Drug release from modified-release dosage forms is designed to achieve specific therapeutic effects by controlling the rate and extent of drug release. The classification of these drug release systems is based on key pharmacokinetic assumptions: drug disposition follows first-order kinetics, drug release is the rate-limiting step in absorption, and the released drug is rapidly and completely absorbed.There are four major models of drug release patterns. The first model is the slow zero-order...
Oral Drug Delivery Systems: Delayed-Release Systems01:11

Oral Drug Delivery Systems: Delayed-Release Systems

Delayed-release drug delivery systems are specialized pharmaceutical formulations designed to postpone the release of active compounds until the drug reaches a specific region of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, typically the intestine. These systems are essential for drugs that may cause gastric irritation, are unstable in acidic environments, or need to exert therapeutic effects locally in the intestinal or colonic regions.The core feature of delayed-release systems is the use of enteric...
Oral Drug Delivery Systems: Continuous-Release Systems01:26

Oral Drug Delivery Systems: Continuous-Release Systems

Continuous-release drug delivery systems offer a strategic approach to maintaining therapeutic drug levels over extended periods following oral administration. By modulating the release rate of active pharmaceutical ingredients, these systems minimize fluctuations in plasma concentrations, which enhances clinical efficacy and reduces the need for frequent dosing. Such characteristics make them particularly advantageous in managing chronic diseases where patient adherence and stable drug...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 26, 2026

Self-Nanoemulsification of Healthy Oils to Enhance the Solubility of Lipophilic Drugs
08:18

Self-Nanoemulsification of Healthy Oils to Enhance the Solubility of Lipophilic Drugs

Published on: July 27, 2022

Extemporaneous drug formulations.

Milap C Nahata1, Loyd V Allen

  • 1College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA. nahata.1@osu.edu

Clinical Therapeutics
|December 26, 2008
PubMed
Summary

Pediatric patients need age-appropriate drug formulations, often requiring extemporaneous compounding when commercial options are unavailable. Further research and data sharing are crucial for safe and effective pediatric medication use.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Pharmacology
  • Pharmaceutical Compounding
  • Drug Formulation Science

Background:

  • Many essential medications lack commercially available, age-appropriate dosage forms for pediatric patients.
  • Extemporaneous compounding prepares customized drug formulations for individual pediatric cases.
  • Challenges include ensuring stability, bioavailability, and efficacy of these specialized formulations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To discuss critical factors in the extemporaneous compounding of pediatric dosage forms.
  • To highlight the importance of specialized formulations for infants and children.
  • To address limitations in current pediatric drug preparation.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized proceedings from a Pediatric Formulation Initiative workshop (December 2005).

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Evaluation of Drug Sorption to PVC- and Non-PVC-based Tubes in Administration Sets Using a Pump
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Evaluation of Drug Sorption to PVC- and Non-PVC-based Tubes in Administration Sets Using a Pump

Published on: March 11, 2017

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 26, 2026

Self-Nanoemulsification of Healthy Oils to Enhance the Solubility of Lipophilic Drugs
08:18

Self-Nanoemulsification of Healthy Oils to Enhance the Solubility of Lipophilic Drugs

Published on: July 27, 2022

Evaluation of Drug Sorption to PVC- and Non-PVC-based Tubes in Administration Sets Using a Pump
06:08

Evaluation of Drug Sorption to PVC- and Non-PVC-based Tubes in Administration Sets Using a Pump

Published on: March 11, 2017

  • Conducted a comprehensive literature search of PubMed/MEDLINE (1966-October 2008).
  • Included search terms: extemporaneous, drug formulations, and pediatric.

    • Main Results:

    • Age-appropriate drug formulations are vital for effective and safe pediatric medication delivery.
    • A significant need persists for extemporaneous formulations of both brand-name and generic drugs for neonates and children.
    • Potential solutions involve prioritizing essential formulations, increasing research funding, and disseminating clinical data.

    Conclusions:

    • Access to stable, effective, and well-tolerated age-appropriate drug formulations is essential for optimal pediatric therapeutic outcomes.
    • Continued development and evaluation of extemporaneous formulations are necessary.
    • Collaboration and data sharing are key to improving pediatric medication safety and efficacy.