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Related Concept Videos

ECG Interpretation of Arrhythmias II: Atrial, Junctional and Ventricular Arrhythmias01:25

ECG Interpretation of Arrhythmias II: Atrial, Junctional and Ventricular Arrhythmias

Arrhythmia is a condition characterized by an irregular heart rhythm, with ECG changes that differ based on its origin and nature. The types of arrhythmias discussed below include atrial, junctional, and ventricular arrhythmias.Atrial ArrhythmiasPremature Atrial Complexes (PACs): PACs are early atrial beats caused by stress, caffeine, alcohol, electrolyte imbalances, hypoxia, hyperthyroidism, or certain medications (e.g., bronchodilators and decongestants). The ECG shows early P waves with an...
Dysrhythmias III: Characteristics of Dysrhythmias01:29

Dysrhythmias III: Characteristics of Dysrhythmias

Dysrhythmias, also known as arrhythmias, are irregular heart rhythms that result from abnormal electrical activity in the heart, affecting its ability to circulate blood efficiently. Tachyarrhythmias, a subset of dysrhythmias, are characterized by abnormally fast heart rates exceeding 100 beats per minute. Here are some types of tachyarrhythmias with their distinct ECG features:Sinus Tachycardia:Sinus tachycardia presents a regular heart rhythm with an increased rate of 101-180 beats per minute.
Disturbances in Heart Rhythm01:29

Disturbances in Heart Rhythm

Arrhythmia or dysrhythmia refers to an abnormal heart rhythm caused by a defect in the heart's conduction system. It can cause the heart to beat irregularly, too quickly, or too slowly, leading to symptoms like chest pain, shortness of breath, and fainting. Factors such as stress, caffeine, alcohol, nicotine, cocaine, certain drugs, congenital defects, diseases, and electrolyte abnormalities can trigger arrhythmias.
Arrhythmias are categorized by their speed, rhythm, and origin. A slow heart...
Dysrhythmias II: Classification of Tachyarrhythmias01:28

Dysrhythmias II: Classification of Tachyarrhythmias

Tachyarrhythmias are a type of dysrhythmia where the heart rate exceeds 100 beats per minute. Here are some common types of tachyarrhythmias:Sinus TachycardiaSinus tachycardia originates from increased impulses from the sinus node, leading to an elevated heart rate. It is often triggered by stress, fever, or exercise.Patients may experience palpitations, a sensation of a racing heart, dizziness, and chest discomfort.Causes and Risk Factors: Common causes include physical exertion, emotional...
Dysrhythmias IV: Characteristics of Bradyarrhythmias01:18

Dysrhythmias IV: Characteristics of Bradyarrhythmias

Bradyarrhythmias are cardiac rhythm disorders characterized by a slower-than-normal heart rate, typically defined as fewer than 60 beats per minute. Some of which are discussed here:Sinus BradycardiaSinus bradycardia presents a heart rate lower than 60 beats per minute, with a regular rhythm originating from the SA node. The ECG typically shows normal P waves preceding each QRS complex, a normal PR interval (0.12 to 0.20 seconds), and a normal QRS duration (0.06 to 0.10 seconds).First-Degree AV...
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Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation III: AED Use

Introduction to AEDAn Automated External Defibrillator (AED) is a portable medical device that analyzes the heart's rhythm and, if necessary, delivers an electrical shock to help the heart re-establish an effective rhythm during sudden cardiac arrest (SCA). SCA occurs when the heart suddenly and unexpectedly stops beating, leading to a loss of blood flow to the brain and other vital organs. In such emergencies, time is of the essence, and using an AED, combined with Cardiopulmonary...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 26, 2026

A Rat Model of Ventricular Fibrillation and Resuscitation by Conventional Closed-chest Technique
09:47

A Rat Model of Ventricular Fibrillation and Resuscitation by Conventional Closed-chest Technique

Published on: April 26, 2015

Defibrillator shock due to ventricular trigeminy.

Krishnakumar Nair1, Raja Selvaraj, Vijay S Chauhan

  • 1Division of Cardiology, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada.

Europace : European Pacing, Arrhythmias, and Cardiac Electrophysiology : Journal of the Working Groups on Cardiac Pacing, Arrhythmias, and Cardiac Cellular Electrophysiology of the European Society of Cardiology
|December 26, 2008
PubMed
Summary

A patient with arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy received an inappropriate shock due to a device misinterpreting ventricular trigeminy as ventricular fibrillation. Reprogramming the device can prevent future shocks.

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A Model of Long-Term Ventricular Fibrillation in Isolated Rat Hearts
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A Model of Long-Term Ventricular Fibrillation in Isolated Rat Hearts

Published on: February 17, 2023

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 26, 2026

A Rat Model of Ventricular Fibrillation and Resuscitation by Conventional Closed-chest Technique
09:47

A Rat Model of Ventricular Fibrillation and Resuscitation by Conventional Closed-chest Technique

Published on: April 26, 2015

A Model of Long-Term Ventricular Fibrillation in Isolated Rat Hearts
07:56

A Model of Long-Term Ventricular Fibrillation in Isolated Rat Hearts

Published on: February 17, 2023

Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Electrophysiology

Background:

  • Implantable cardioverter-defibrillators (ICDs) are crucial for managing life-threatening ventricular arrhythmias.
  • Arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy (ARVC) is a genetic heart condition predisposing patients to ventricular arrhythmias.
  • Accurate arrhythmia detection by ICDs is essential to prevent inappropriate shocks.

Observation:

  • A 56-year-old female with ARVC experienced an ICD shock.
  • The shock was triggered by ventricular trigeminy, a regular heart rhythm pattern.
  • The ICD's algorithm misclassified the ventricular trigeminy as ventricular fibrillation.

Findings:

  • The ICD's binning algorithm, which analyzes current and averaged cycle lengths, led to the misdiagnosis.
  • Specifically, the algorithm requires the current cycle length to be in the fibrillation zone and the average of the previous four cycle lengths to be in the fibrillation or ventricular tachycardia zone.
  • This algorithm failed to correctly differentiate between ventricular trigeminy and ventricular fibrillation in this case.

Implications:

  • Reprogramming the ICD to a single detection zone can improve detection accuracy.
  • Adjusting ICD detection algorithms can prevent unnecessary shocks in ARVC patients.
  • This case highlights the importance of algorithm refinement for optimal ICD performance and patient safety.