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Related Concept Videos

Introduction to Innate and Adaptive Immunity01:21

Introduction to Innate and Adaptive Immunity

The human immune system is a complex defense mechanism that protects the body from harmful pathogens and foreign substances. It comprises two crucial components: innate and adaptive immunity.
Innate immunity is the body's natural, nonspecific defense system that acts quickly to protect against pathogens. It incorporates physical barriers like skin and mucous membranes and cellular elements such as phagocytes and natural killer cells. This part of our immune system provides an immediate,...
Inflammatory Bowel Disease III: Crohn's Disease01:25

Inflammatory Bowel Disease III: Crohn's Disease

Crohn’s disease is a chronic, relapsing form of inflammatory bowel disease characterized by segmental, transmural inflammation that can affect any part of the gastrointestinal tract. Its pathogenesis arises from a combination of genetic susceptibility, environmental exposures, epithelial barrier dysfunction, and immune dysregulation. Together, these factors lead to an exaggerated immune response against components of the gut microbiome.Genetic and Environmental InfluencesMultiple genetic...
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease III: Chronic Bronchitis Features01:24

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease III: Chronic Bronchitis Features

Chronic bronchitis is a key phenotype of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), characterized by airway-centered inflammation and mucus overproduction. It develops from long-term exposure to harmful particles or gases, most commonly cigarette smoke, which triggers a persistent inflammatory response.Cellular and Structural ChangesInflammation initially affects the large bronchi and later the smaller airways, with infiltration by immune cells, including neutrophils, macrophages, and...
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease-II: Pathophysiology01:20

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease-II: Pathophysiology

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) pathophysiology is intricate and multifaceted, involving a complex interplay of physiological processes. Understanding these mechanisms is crucial for effectively managing and treating COPD. Here is an in-depth look at the critical elements in the pathophysiology of COPD:
Chronic Inflammation
Cell-mediated Immune Responses01:40

Cell-mediated Immune Responses

Overview
Cells of the Innate Immune Response01:28

Cells of the Innate Immune Response

The innate immune response is an immediate and non-specific response against pathogens, acting swiftly to prevent the spread of infections. The primary cells involved in this response are phagocytes and natural killer (NK) cells.
Phagocytes
Phagocytes police the peripheral tissues by removing cellular debris and responding to the invasion of foreign substances or pathogens. Many phagocytes attack and remove microorganisms even before lymphocytes detect them. The human body has two general...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 26, 2026

Cigarette Smoke Exposure in Mice using a Whole-Body Inhalation System
06:07

Cigarette Smoke Exposure in Mice using a Whole-Body Inhalation System

Published on: October 22, 2020

Cigarette smoking and innate immunity.

H Mehta1, K Nazzal, R T Sadikot

  • 1Department of Veterans Affairs, University of Illinois and Cook County Hospital, Chicago, IL, USA.

Inflammation Research : Official Journal of the European Histamine Research Society ... [Et Al.]
|December 26, 2008
PubMed
Summary

Cigarette smoke weakens the immune system, impacting innate immunity and increasing susceptibility to infections. Smoking cessation is crucial for overall health and preventing immune-related conditions.

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Isolation of Mouse Respiratory Epithelial Cells and Exposure to Experimental Cigarette Smoke at Air Liquid Interface
10:47

Isolation of Mouse Respiratory Epithelial Cells and Exposure to Experimental Cigarette Smoke at Air Liquid Interface

Published on: February 21, 2011

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Respiratory Medicine
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Cigarette smoking is a leading global cause of morbidity and mortality.
  • While smoking's link to cancer is well-known, its immunosuppressive effects are less recognized.
  • Understanding smoking's impact on immunity is vital for public health strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the immunosuppressive effects of cigarette smoke.
  • To elucidate the mechanisms by which smoking compromises host innate immunity.
  • To highlight the importance of smoking cessation for immune health.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies on cigarette smoke and immune function.
  • Analysis of structural and functional changes in respiratory tissues.
  • Examination of effects on various immune cells (macrophages, neutrophils, lymphocytes, NK cells).

Main Results:

  • Cigarette smoke induces structural and functional alterations in the respiratory ciliary epithelium.
  • Smoking negatively impacts lung surfactant protein.
  • Key immune cells, including alveolar macrophages, neutrophils, lymphocytes, and NK cells, exhibit impaired function due to smoking.

Conclusions:

  • Cigarette smoke acts as a significant immunosuppressant, compromising innate immunity.
  • Smoking cessation is recommended for preventing cancer, cardiovascular disease, and recurrent infections.
  • Emphasizing smoking cessation can improve outcomes for individuals with immunosuppressive states.