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Related Concept Videos

Neuroplasticity01:01

Neuroplasticity

Neuroplasticity reflects the brain's remarkable capacity to adapt and evolve, responding dynamically to learning, experiences, or injury by reorganizing its neural circuitry. This reorganization involves creating new neural connections and refining old ones through a series of biological processes that contribute to the brain's lifelong development and adaptability.
Chromatin Modification in iPS Cells01:32

Chromatin Modification in iPS Cells

Chromatin modification alters gene expression; therefore, scientists can add histone-modifying enzymes, histone variants, and chromatin remodeling complexes to somatic cells to aid reprogramming into pluripotent stem (iPS) cells.
Compact chromatin makes reprogramming difficult. Enzymes, such as histone demethylases and acetyltransferases, are often added during reprogramming to loosen the chromatin, making the DNA more accessible to transcription factors. Molecules that inhibit histone...
Epigenetic Regulation01:37

Epigenetic Regulation

Epigenetic changes alter the physical structure of the DNA without changing the genetic sequence and often regulate whether genes are turned on or off. This regulation ensures that each cell produces only proteins necessary for its function. For example, proteins that promote bone growth are not produced in muscle cells. Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.
X-chromosome...
Epigenetic Regulation01:46

Epigenetic Regulation

Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.
Epigenetic Regulation01:46

Epigenetic Regulation

Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.
Methods of Nuclear Reprogramming01:24

Methods of Nuclear Reprogramming

Nuclear reprogramming is a process of transforming one cell type into an unrelated cell type by epigenetic changes that alter the cell’s original gene expression pattern. Such epigenetic changes force cells to express a different set of genes, which play a significant role in inducing transformation into other cell types. Nuclear reprogramming offers applications in reproductive cloning for livestock propagation and regenerative medicine — developing patient-specific cells for injury repair.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 26, 2026

Quantification of Global Histone Post Translational Modifications Using Intranuclear Flow Cytometry in Isolated Mouse Brain Microglia
07:10

Quantification of Global Histone Post Translational Modifications Using Intranuclear Flow Cytometry in Isolated Mouse Brain Microglia

Published on: September 15, 2023

Decoding the epigenetic language of neuronal plasticity.

Emiliana Borrelli1, Eric J Nestler, C David Allis

  • 1Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA.

Neuron
|December 27, 2008
PubMed
Summary

Epigenetic mechanisms regulate gene expression in neurons, influencing brain functions like memory and consciousness. This review explores how chromatin remodeling shapes neuronal plasticity and adult brain function.

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Last Updated: Jun 26, 2026

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Published on: September 20, 2024

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Neurons process diverse stimuli into complex functions like memory and consciousness.
  • Neuronal flexibility relies on molecular machinery controlling gene expression.
  • Epigenetic control, particularly chromatin remodeling, modifies gene expression in neurons.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the role of epigenetic control in the mature nervous system.
  • To explore how epigenetic mechanisms guide neuronal plasticity and cellular responses.
  • To discuss the impact of epigenetics on understanding adult brain function.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current literature on epigenetics and neuroscience.
  • Outline of molecular pathways involved in chromatin transitions.
  • Discussion of the proposed "epigenetic indexing code".

Main Results:

  • Epigenetic control is a key regulator of dynamic plasticity in neurons.
  • Chromatin remodeling influences long-lasting cellular neuronal responses.
  • Emerging epigenetic findings are reshaping the understanding of adult brain function.

Conclusions:

  • Epigenetic mechanisms are crucial for neuronal adaptability and function.
  • The concept of an "epigenetic indexing code" offers a new framework for neuronal regulation.
  • Continued research in epigenetics promises to revolutionize our view of the adult brain.