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Updated: Jun 26, 2026
A Syngeneic Mouse Model of Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma for Quantitative and Longitudinal Assessment of Preclinical Therapies
Published on: April 12, 2017
Immunohistochemical basis for adjuvant anti-angiogenic targeted therapy for renal carcinoid: initial case report
David S Finley1, Navneet Narula, Vladimir A Valera
1Department of Urology, University of California Irvine Medical Center, Orange, CA 92868, USA. finds@uci.edu
Objectives:
To evaluate the immunohistochemical profile of a carcinoid (low grade neuroendocrine tumor of the kidney) from a patient with lymph node positive disease who remains disease free for 31 months after radical nephrectomy, lymph node dissection, and adjuvant therapy with sunitinib malate.
Methods:
Immunohistochemical staining was performed for chromogranin, synaptophysin, CD31, VEGF, HIF-1α, HIF-2, and Glut-1. Staining was evaluated in 3 high-power fields and samples scored as strongly positive (3+), moderately positive (2+), weakly positive (1+), or negative (0). A clear cell renal cell carcinoma was used as positive control.
Results:
Immunohistochemical staining was strongly positive VEGF, weak to moderately positive for HIF-2, and negative for HIF-1α and Glut-1.
Conclusions:
Our case of primary renal carcinoid stained intensely for VEGF and HIF-2, consistent with a VHL-HIF1-HIF2-Glut1 independent pathway for VEGF activation. These data suggest that like other neuroendocrine tumors, primary renal carcinoid is a potential target for anti-angiogenic therapy with sunitinib.
