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Related Concept Videos

Larynx01:21

Larynx

The human larynx, often referred to as the voice box, is an intricate organ located in the neck. It serves as a pathway for air to enter the lungs during respiration and is an essential component of voice production.
Anatomy of the Larynx
The larynx consists of various components, including cartilage, muscles, and vocal cords. Its structure includes three large unpaired cartilages—the thyroid, cricoid, and epiglottis—and three smaller paired cartilages—the arytenoids, corniculates, and...
The Thyroid Gland01:23

The Thyroid Gland

The thyroid gland is a small, butterfly-shaped gland located in the neck and covers the anterior surface of the trachea. The gland has two lateral lobes connected by a thin tissue mass called the isthmus. Internally, each lobe comprises many small spherical structures known as thyroid follicles, surrounded by a network of blood vessels.
The follicles have a central cavity lined by simple cuboidal to squamous epithelial cells called follicular cells. These cells produce the glycoprotein...
Cranial Nerves: Types Part II01:22

Cranial Nerves: Types Part II

Cranial nerves are responsible for transmitting motor and sensory information between the brain and various parts of the body. There are twelve pairs of cranial nerves. While the first six innervate the head and neck, the latter six nerves innervate the head and neck, as well as organs and tissues in the thoracic and abdominal cavities. They facilitate communication, expression, and autonomic control within the human body.
Facial Nerve (Cranial Nerve VII)
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Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation V: Advanced Airway Management Techniques01:30

Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation V: Advanced Airway Management Techniques

Airway management is essential in emergency and surgical medicine, ensuring ventilation and oxygenation in patients who cannot maintain their own airway. Clinicians use a range of techniques and devices to secure the airway, depending on the patient’s condition and the clinical context. Key methods include endotracheal intubation, rapid sequence intubation (RSI), supraglottic airway devices, and advanced visualization aids. In cases where these approaches fail, surgical airway interventions are...
Chronic Pharyngitis01:23

Chronic Pharyngitis

Chronic pharyngitis refers to persistent inflammation of the pharyngial mucosa.
Etiology
It often arises from persistent viral or bacterial infections affecting sinuses and tonsils.
Additional contributing factors include inadequate dental hygiene, mouth breathing, recurring tonsillitis, allergic rhinitis, laryngopharyngeal reflux, and exposure to smoke, chemicals, and other environmental pollutants. Allergic reactions to pollen, mold, and pet dander, chronic cough, excessive voice usage,...
Hyperthyroidism II: Pathophysiology01:27

Hyperthyroidism II: Pathophysiology

Hyperthyroidism is a hypermetabolic state caused by elevated levels of thyroid hormones, triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4). It results from dysregulation at the thyroid, pituitary, or immune system level and affects multiple organ systems.PathophysiologyThe most common cause of hyperthyroidism is Graves’ disease, an autoimmune disorder in which antibodies, specifically thyroid-stimulating antibodies (TSAb), a subtype of TSH receptor antibodies (TRAb), bind to and activate TSH receptors...

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Identification and Protection of the Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve during Transoral Robotic Thyroidectomy
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The recurrent laryngeal nerve in thyroid surgery.

J P O'Neill1, J E Fenton

  • 1Department of Otolaryngology, Mid Western Regional Hospital, Dooradoyle, Limerick.

The Surgeon : Journal of the Royal Colleges of Surgeons of Edinburgh and Ireland
|December 30, 2008
PubMed
Summary

Vocal cord paralysis impacts phonation and psychosocial well-being. This review examines recurrent laryngeal nerve management in thyroid surgery and challenges current clinical guidelines for vocal cord evaluation.

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Area of Science:

  • Otolaryngology
  • Neurosurgery
  • Thyroid Surgery

Background:

  • The recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) is crucial for voice production and psychosocial interaction.
  • Vocal cord paralysis is a recognized disorder with extensive research into its function and rehabilitation.
  • Identifying and preserving the RLN during thyroid surgery is a primary surgical concern.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a comprehensive review of recurrent laryngeal nerve management in thyroid surgery.
  • To discuss the complexities of pre- and postoperative vocal cord evaluation.
  • To challenge aspects of recent Thyroid Clinical Guidelines concerning vocal cord assessment.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of scientific investigations on vocal cord function and RLN preservation.
  • Analysis of laryngoscopic presentations and surgical rehabilitation techniques.
  • Critical evaluation of existing Thyroid Clinical Guidelines.

Main Results:

  • The RLN's significance in phonation and psychosocial health is well-established.
  • Thyroid surgery necessitates careful RLN identification and preservation.
  • There is ongoing debate regarding optimal vocal cord evaluation protocols before and after surgery.

Conclusions:

  • Effective management of the recurrent laryngeal nerve is vital in thyroid surgery.
  • Current clinical guidelines for vocal cord evaluation may require revision.
  • Further research and consensus are needed for standardized pre- and postoperative care.