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Surface Tension of Fluid01:22

Surface Tension of Fluid

Surface tension is a fundamental property of fluids, occurring at the boundary between a liquid and a gas or between two immiscible liquids. This phenomenon arises from the cohesive forces between molecules at the fluid's surface, creating an effect similar to a stretched elastic membrane. Inside each fluid, molecules are equally attracted in all directions by neighboring molecules, but surface molecules experience a net inward force, resulting in surface tension.
Surface tension varies with...
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Manufacturing Process for Non-Adhesive Super-Soft Vocal Fold Models
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Vocal fold surface hydration: a review.

Ciara Leydon1, Mahalakshmi Sivasankar, Danielle Lodewyck Falciglia

  • 1Department of Speech Communication Arts and Sciences, Brooklyn College of The City University of New York, New York 12110, USA. cleydon@brooklyn.cuny.edu

Journal of Voice : Official Journal of the Voice Foundation
|December 30, 2008
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Maintaining vocal fold surface liquid through salt and water transport is crucial for voice. This review details the epithelial pathway and ion channels involved in vocal fold hydration.

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Area of Science:

  • Vocal fold physiology
  • Epithelial transport
  • Homeostasis

Background:

  • Vocal fold surface liquid is essential for optimal vocal function.
  • The maintenance of this liquid layer involves complex salt and water transport mechanisms across the epithelium.
  • Dysregulation of vocal fold hydration can negatively impact voice production.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review emerging evidence on the mechanisms regulating vocal fold surface liquid.
  • To describe a proposed transcellular pathway for superficial vocal fold hydration.
  • To provide a theoretical framework for understanding how various factors influence vocal fold hydration.

Main Methods:

  • Review of immunolocalization and electrophysiological findings.
  • Integration of knowledge on ion and fluid transport mechanisms.
  • Analysis of in vitro and in vivo studies on hydration challenges and treatments.

Main Results:

  • A transcellular pathway involving specific ion and water channels is proposed for vocal fold hydration.
  • This pathway includes the sodium-potassium pump, sodium-potassium-chloride cotransporter, epithelial sodium channels, cystic fibrosis transmembrane regulator chloride channels, and aquaporin water channels.
  • Evidence suggests that environmental, behavioral, and clinical factors can modify vocal fold surface liquid composition.

Conclusions:

  • Clinical protocols targeting vocal fold epithelial ion and fluid transport may enhance vocal fold hydration.
  • These interventions could benefit healthy speakers, individuals with voice disorders, and those at risk.
  • Understanding these transport mechanisms provides a basis for novel therapeutic strategies for voice disorders.