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Related Concept Videos

Cranial Bones: Superior and Posterior View01:14

Cranial Bones: Superior and Posterior View

The superior view of the cranium shows the frontal and paired parietal bones.
The frontal bone is the single bone that forms the forehead. At its anterior midline, between the eyebrows, there is a slight depression called the glabella. The frontal bone also forms the supraorbital margin of the orbit. Near the middle of this margin is the supraorbital foramen, the opening that provides passage for a sensory nerve to the forehead. The frontal bone is thickened just above each supraorbital margin,...
Increased Intracranial Pressure l: Introduction01:14

Increased Intracranial Pressure l: Introduction

Intracranial hypertension is a sustained elevation of intracranial pressure (ICP) above 22 mm Hg. In supine adults, normal ICP is ~7–15 mm Hg.The rigid, nonexpandable cranium contains three components—brain tissue, blood, and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)—that total ~1,700 mL in a typical adult: 1,400 mL brain (~80%), 150 mL blood (~10%), and 150 mL CSF (~10%). According to the Monro–Kellie doctrine, total intracranial volume is effectively fixed. When one component expands, CSF and venous blood...
Increased Intracranial Pressure ll: Pathophysiology01:29

Increased Intracranial Pressure ll: Pathophysiology

Increased intracranial pressure (ICP) refers to a potentially life-threatening rise in pressure inside the skull. This usually happens when there is a major change in the volume of brain tissue, blood, or cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) — the three components inside the skull. According to the Monro-Kellie doctrine, if the volume of one component increases, the volumes of the other components must decrease to maintain normal pressure. If this does not happen, ICP rises.The process often begins with...
Sutures of the Skull01:22

Sutures of the Skull

The human skull is composed of several bones that come together to protect the brain and support the structures of the face. The junctions where these bones meet are called sutures.
Sutures are immobile joints between adjacent bones of the skull. The narrow gap between the bones is filled with dense, fibrous connective tissue that unites the bones. The long sutures located between the skull bones are not straight but instead follow irregular, tightly twisting paths. These twisting lines tightly...
Biological Causes of Schizophrenia01:29

Biological Causes of Schizophrenia

Schizophrenia, a severe psychiatric disorder, arises from a complex interplay of biological factors, including genetic predisposition, structural brain abnormalities, neurotransmitter dysregulation, and developmental irregularities. These factors collectively contribute to the onset and progression of the disorder, which typically manifests in late adolescence or early adulthood.
Genetic Factors in Schizophrenia
The genetic basis of schizophrenia is strongly supported by family and twin studies.
Neurulation01:30

Neurulation

Neurulation is the embryological process which forms the precursors of the central nervous system and occurs after gastrulation has established the three primary cell layers of the embryo: ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm. In humans, the majority of this system is formed via primary neurulation, in which the central portion of the ectoderm—originally appearing as a flat sheet of cells—folds upwards and inwards, sealing off to form a hollow neural tube. As development proceeds, the anterior...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 26, 2026

Midface Hypoplasia and Cranial Base Morphology in Syndromic Craniosynostosis: A Comparative Analysis Study Using a Predictive Regression Model
08:03

Midface Hypoplasia and Cranial Base Morphology in Syndromic Craniosynostosis: A Comparative Analysis Study Using a Predictive Regression Model

Published on: November 4, 2025

Abnormal basiocciput development in CHARGE syndrome.

K Fujita1, N Aida, Y Asakura

  • 1Department of Radiology, Endocrinology, Kanagawa Children's Medical Center, Kanagawa, Japan. kazu_kcmc@yahoo.co.jp

AJNR. American Journal of Neuroradiology
|December 30, 2008
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Basioccipital hypoplasia, a rare skull base anomaly, is common in CHARGE syndrome. This condition, often severe, is linked to basilar invagination and Chiari malformation in affected children.

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Midface Hypoplasia and Cranial Base Morphology in Syndromic Craniosynostosis: A Comparative Analysis Study Using a Predictive Regression Model
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Area of Science:

  • Medical Imaging
  • Genetics
  • Pediatric Radiology

Background:

  • CHARGE syndrome is a complex genetic disorder caused by CHD7 mutations.
  • Head and neck imaging is crucial for assessing CHARGE syndrome-related abnormalities.
  • Basioccipital hypoplasia is a newly identified anomaly in CHARGE syndrome patients.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the incidence and severity of basioccipital hypoplasia in CHARGE syndrome.
  • To investigate associated anomalies, such as basilar invagination and Chiari malformation.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective review of sagittal MR images from 8 CHARGE syndrome patients.
  • Consensual evaluation of basiocciput normality/hypoplasia by two radiologists.
  • Measurement of basion-to-sphenoid distances and comparison with 70 age-matched controls.

Main Results:

  • Basioccipital hypoplasia was present in 7 of 8 CHARGE syndrome patients, severe in 6.
  • Associated anomalies included basilar invagination (5 patients) and Chiari type I malformation with syringomyelia (1 patient).

Conclusions:

  • Basioccipital hypoplasia is a prevalent finding in CHARGE syndrome.
  • Basilar invagination frequently co-occurs with basioccipital hypoplasia in this population.