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Related Concept Videos

Regulation of Expression Occurs at Multiple Steps02:24

Regulation of Expression Occurs at Multiple Steps

Gene expression can be regulated at almost every step from gene to protein. Transcription is the step that is most commonly regulated. This involves the binding of proteins to short regulatory sequences on the DNA. This association can either promote or inhibit the transcription of a gene associated with the respective sequence.
Transcription results in the generation of precursor (pre-mRNA) that consists of both exons and introns, which needs further processing before being translated to a...
Regulation of Expression Occurs at Multiple Steps02:24

Regulation of Expression Occurs at Multiple Steps

Gene expression can be regulated at almost every step from gene to protein. Transcription is the step that is most commonly regulated. This involves the binding of proteins to short regulatory sequences on the DNA. This association can either promote or inhibit the transcription of a gene associated with the respective sequence.
Transcription results in the generation of precursor (pre-mRNA) that consists of both exons and introns, which needs further processing before being translated to a...
Combinatorial Gene Control02:33

Combinatorial Gene Control

Combinatorial gene control is the synergistic action of several transcriptional factors to regulate the expression of a single gene. The absence of one or more of these factors may lead to a significant difference in the level of gene expression or repression.
The expression of more than 30,000 genes is controlled by approximately 2000-3000 transcription factors. This is possible because a single transcription factor can recognize more than one regulatory sequence. The specificity in gene...
Regulation of Expression at Multiple Steps01:23

Regulation of Expression at Multiple Steps

The gene expression in cells is regulated at different stages: (i) transcription, (ii) RNA processing, (iii) RNA localization, and (iv) translation. Transcriptional regulation is mediated by regulatory proteins such as transcription factors, activators, or repressors—these control gene expression by initiating or inhibiting the transcription of genes. Once a precursor or pre-mRNA is produced, it undergoes post-transcriptional modification, including 5' capping, splicing, and the addition of a...
Chromatin Position Affects Gene Expression02:35

Chromatin Position Affects Gene Expression

Chromatin is the massive complex of DNA and proteins packaged inside the nucleus. The complexity of chromatin folding and how it is packaged inside the nucleus greatly influences  access to genetic information. Generally, the nucleus' periphery is considered transcriptionally repressive, while the cell's interior is considered a transcriptionally active area. 
Topologically Associated Domains (TADs)
The 3-dimensional positioning of chromatin in the nucleus influences the timing and level of...
Position-effect Variegation02:32

Position-effect Variegation

In 1928, a German botanist Emil Heitz observed the moss nuclei with a DNA binding dye. He observed that while some chromatin regions decondense and spread out in the interphase nucleus, others do not. He termed them euchromatin and heterochromatin, respectively. He proposed that the heterochromatin regions reflect a functionally inactive state of the genome. It was later confirmed that heterochromatin is transcriptionally repressed, and euchromatin is transcriptionally active chromatin.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 26, 2026

The Power of Simplicity: Sea Urchin Embryos as in Vivo Developmental Models for Studying Complex Cell-to-cell Signaling Network Interactions
07:34

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Compositional genome contexts affect gene expression control in sea urchin embryo.

Abdullah Al Mahmud1, Gabriele Amore, Giorgio Bernardi

  • 1Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn Napoli, Villa Comunale, Napoli, Italy.

Plos One
|December 30, 2008
PubMed
Summary

Genome context, specifically GC levels, influences how cis-regulatory regions control gene expression. Changing the genomic environment can alter gene activity patterns by interfering with regulatory modules.

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The Power of Simplicity: Sea Urchin Embryos as in Vivo Developmental Models for Studying Complex Cell-to-cell Signaling Network Interactions
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Area of Science:

  • Genomics
  • Molecular Biology
  • Developmental Biology

Background:

  • Gene expression is traditionally viewed as solely regulated by cis-regulatory regions containing transcription factor binding sites.
  • Our previous research indicated that gene expression is also influenced by the compositional properties (GC levels) of isochores, referred to as the genome context.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate how genomic compositional properties affect the utilization of cis-regulatory information.
  • To understand the interplay between genome context and cis-regulatory control.

Main Methods:

  • A GFP-reporter gene construct was created, incorporating the full cis-regulatory region of the spdeadringer (spdri) gene.
  • The genome context of this reporter gene was experimentally altered by changing its GC levels.
  • Reporter gene expression patterns were analyzed in sea urchin embryos under different genomic contexts.

Main Results:

  • Altering the GC levels of the genome context, either higher or lower than the natural environment, modified the reporter gene expression pattern.
  • These alterations suggest interference with the functional activity of specific modules within the cis-regulatory region.
  • The study demonstrates that genome context impacts the effectiveness of cis-regulatory elements.

Conclusions:

  • The compositional properties of the genome context play a significant role in modulating cis-regulatory control of gene expression.
  • While cis-regulatory regions contain the information for gene function, their accessibility and effective utilization are dependent on the genomic context.