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Related Concept Videos

Lattice Centering and Coordination Number02:33

Lattice Centering and Coordination Number

The structure of a crystalline solid, whether a metal or not, is best described by considering its simplest repeating unit, which is referred to as its unit cell. The unit cell consists of lattice points that represent the locations of atoms or ions. The entire structure then consists of this unit cell repeating in three dimensions. The three different types of unit cells present in the cubic lattice are illustrated in Figure 1.
Types of Unit Cells
Imagine taking a large number of identical...
Maxwell-Boltzmann Distribution: Problem Solving01:20

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Individual molecules in a gas move in random directions, but a gas containing numerous molecules has a predictable distribution of molecular speeds, which is known as the Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution, f(v).
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Lattice Energies of Ionic Crystals01:27

Lattice Energies of Ionic Crystals

Lattice energy represents the energy released when gaseous cations and anions combine to form an ionic solid, reflecting the strength of electrostatic interactions within the crystal. This process is fundamentally governed by Coulombic attraction between oppositely charged ions, where the potential energy varies inversely with the interionic distance and directly with the product of ionic charges. As ions approach one another, the electrostatic energy becomes increasingly negative, indicating a...
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An important concept in studying metabolism and energy is that of chemical equilibrium. Most chemical reactions are reversible. They can proceed in both directions, releasing energy into their environment in one direction, and absorbing it from the environment in the other direction. The same is true for the chemical reactions involved in cell metabolism, such as the breaking down and building up of proteins into and from individual amino acids, respectively. Reactants within a closed system...
Trends in Lattice Energy: Ion Size and Charge02:54

Trends in Lattice Energy: Ion Size and Charge

An ionic compound is stable because of the electrostatic attraction between its positive and negative ions. The lattice energy of a compound is a measure of the strength of this attraction. The lattice energy (ΔHlattice) of an ionic compound is defined as the energy required to separate one mole of the solid into its component gaseous ions. For the ionic solid sodium chloride, the lattice energy is the enthalpy change of the process:

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Updated: Jun 26, 2026

Multiscale Sampling of a Heterogeneous Water/Metal Catalyst Interface using Density Functional Theory and Force-Field Molecular Dynamics
10:52

Multiscale Sampling of a Heterogeneous Water/Metal Catalyst Interface using Density Functional Theory and Force-Field Molecular Dynamics

Published on: April 12, 2019

Accuracy of the lattice-Boltzmann method using the Cell processor.

M J Harvey1, G De Fabritiis, G Giupponi

  • 1Information and Communications Technologies, Imperial College London, South Kensington, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom. m.j.harvey@imperial.ac.uk

Physical Review. E, Statistical, Nonlinear, and Soft Matter Physics
|December 31, 2008
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

New lattice-Boltzmann simulations on Cell processors show significant speed-ups for fluid dynamics. Careful attention to IEEE 754 rounding modes is crucial for accuracy, alongside double-precision support.

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Evaluation of the Impact of a New Cooling Cell Processor System on Islet Cell Isolation Facility

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Area of Science:

  • Computational fluid dynamics
  • High-performance computing

Background:

  • Accelerator processors, such as the Cell processor, offer substantial floating-point operations per second (FLOPS) gains over traditional CPUs.
  • Current limitations include a lack of double-precision support and some IEEE 754 capabilities.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and assess the accuracy of a lattice-Boltzmann (LB) code on the Cell processor for scientific computation.
  • To evaluate the performance and utility of the Cell processor for fluid dynamics simulations.

Main Methods:

  • Developed a lattice-Boltzmann code optimized for the Cell processor.
  • Tested the code across various flow topologies, boundary conditions, and Reynolds numbers (Re=6-350).
  • Benchmarked performance on Sony PlayStation 3 and IBM QS20/QS21 blade systems.

Main Results:

  • Achieved speed-up factors of 7x (PS3) and 21x (IBM blade) compared to a PC version.
  • Demonstrated a conservative sustained performance of 28 gigaflops per Cell processor.
  • Observed reduced mass and momentum conservation in one specific case, highlighting the impact of precision.

Conclusions:

  • The Cell processor is highly effective for fluid dynamics simulations, offering significant performance improvements.
  • IEEE 754 rounding mode selection is critical for maintaining accuracy, potentially as important as double-precision support for LB methods.