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Related Concept Videos

Spin–Spin Coupling Constant: Overview01:08

Spin–Spin Coupling Constant: Overview

In bromoethane, the three methyl protons are coupled to the two methylene protons that are three bonds away. In accordance with the n+1 rule, the signal from the methyl protons is split into three peaks with 1:2:1 relative intensities. The methylene protons appear as a quartet, with the relative intensities of 1:3:3:1.
Qualitatively, any spin plus-half nucleus polarizes the spins of its electrons to the minus-half state. Consequently, the paired electron in the hydrogen–carbon bond must have a...
Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Spin State Overview01:03

Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Spin State Overview

NMR-active nuclei have energy levels called 'spin states' that are associated with the orientations of their nuclear magnetic moments. In the absence of a magnetic field, the nuclear magnetic moments are randomly oriented, and the spin states are degenerate. When an external magnetic field is applied, the spin states have only 2 + 1 orientations available to them. A proton with = ½ has two available orientations. Similarly, for a quadrupolar nucleus with a nuclear spin value of one, the...
Spin–Spin Coupling: Two-Bond Coupling (Geminal Coupling)01:20

Spin–Spin Coupling: Two-Bond Coupling (Geminal Coupling)

Two NMR-active nuclei bonded to a central atom can be involved in geminal or two-bond coupling. Geminal coupling is commonly seen between diastereotopic protons in chiral molecules and unsymmetrical alkenes, among others.
The central atom need not be NMR-active because its electrons are affected by the electron polarization of the spin-active atoms. However, spin information is transmitted less effectively than in one-bond coupling, and 2J values are usually weaker than 1J values. The energy of...
Valence Bond Theory02:42

Valence Bond Theory

Coordination compounds and complexes exhibit different colors, geometries, and magnetic behavior, depending on the metal atom/ion and ligands from which they are composed. In an attempt to explain the bonding and structure of coordination complexes, Linus Pauling proposed the valence bond theory, or VBT, using the concepts of hybridization and the overlapping of the atomic orbitals. According to VBT, the central metal atom or ion (Lewis acid) hybridizes to provide empty orbitals of suitable...
Spin–Spin Coupling: One-Bond Coupling01:17

Spin–Spin Coupling: One-Bond Coupling

Coupling interactions are strongest between NMR-active nuclei bonded to each other, where spin information can be transmitted directly through the pair of bonding electrons. While nuclei polarize their electrons to the opposite spins, the bonding electron pair has opposite spins. Configurations with antiparallel nuclear spins are expected to be lower in energy. When coupling makes antiparallel states more favorable, J is considered to have a positive value. The one-bond coupling constant, 1J,...
The Pauli Exclusion Principle03:06

The Pauli Exclusion Principle

The arrangement of electrons in the orbitals of an atom is called its electron configuration. We describe an electron configuration with a symbol that contains three pieces of information:

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Nanofabrication of Gate-defined GaAs/AlGaAs Lateral Quantum Dots
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Published on: November 1, 2013

Tunable spin gaps in a quantum-confined geometry.

Emmanouil Frantzeskakis1, Stéphane Pons, Hossein Mirhosseini

  • 1Laboratoire de Spectroscopie Electronique, Institut de Physique des Nanostructures, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), station 3, CH-1015 Lausanne-Switzerland.

Physical Review Letters
|December 31, 2008
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers explored how spin-orbit splitting and quantum confinement affect Bi-Ag-Si structures. Tuning the silver layer thickness modifies the electronic structure, enabling potential silicon-based spintronic devices.

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Published on: June 28, 2018

Area of Science:

  • Condensed matter physics
  • Materials science
  • Spintronics

Background:

  • Giant spin-orbit splitting is a key phenomenon in heavy elements.
  • Quantum confinement effects arise in nanoscale structures.
  • Artificial trilayer systems offer tunable electronic properties.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Investigate the interplay between giant spin-orbit splitting and quantum confinement.
  • Explore the electronic structure of bismuth-silver-silicon (Bi-Ag-Si) trilayer systems.
  • Determine the feasibility of tailoring electronic properties for spintronic applications.

Main Methods:

  • Fabrication of artificial Bi-Ag-Si trilayer structures.
  • Utilizing angle-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy (ARPES) for electronic structure analysis.
  • Systematically varying the thickness of the silver (Ag) buffer layer.

Main Results:

  • Observed the formation of a complex spin-dependent gap structure.
  • Demonstrated that the electronic structure is tunable by adjusting the Ag buffer layer thickness.
  • Identified specific electronic states at the Fermi energy.

Conclusions:

  • The combined effects of spin-orbit splitting and quantum confinement create tunable electronic properties in Bi-Ag-Si structures.
  • The Ag buffer layer thickness is a critical parameter for controlling the spin-dependent gap.
  • These findings suggest potential for developing silicon-compatible spintronic devices.