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Related Concept Videos

Ferromagnetism01:31

Ferromagnetism

Materials like iron, nickel, and cobalt consist of magnetic domains, within which the magnetic dipoles are arranged parallel to each other. The magnetic dipoles are rigidly aligned in the same direction within a domain by quantum mechanical coupling among the atoms. This coupling is so strong that even thermal agitation at room temperature cannot break it. The result is that each domain has a net dipole moment. However, some materials have weaker coupling, and are ferromagnetic at lower...
Spin–Spin Coupling: Two-Bond Coupling (Geminal Coupling)01:20

Spin–Spin Coupling: Two-Bond Coupling (Geminal Coupling)

Two NMR-active nuclei bonded to a central atom can be involved in geminal or two-bond coupling. Geminal coupling is commonly seen between diastereotopic protons in chiral molecules and unsymmetrical alkenes, among others.
The central atom need not be NMR-active because its electrons are affected by the electron polarization of the spin-active atoms. However, spin information is transmitted less effectively than in one-bond coupling, and 2J values are usually weaker than 1J values. The energy of...
Spin–Spin Coupling Constant: Overview01:08

Spin–Spin Coupling Constant: Overview

In bromoethane, the three methyl protons are coupled to the two methylene protons that are three bonds away. In accordance with the n+1 rule, the signal from the methyl protons is split into three peaks with 1:2:1 relative intensities. The methylene protons appear as a quartet, with the relative intensities of 1:3:3:1.
Qualitatively, any spin plus-half nucleus polarizes the spins of its electrons to the minus-half state. Consequently, the paired electron in the hydrogen–carbon bond must have a...
Spin–Spin Coupling: One-Bond Coupling01:17

Spin–Spin Coupling: One-Bond Coupling

Coupling interactions are strongest between NMR-active nuclei bonded to each other, where spin information can be transmitted directly through the pair of bonding electrons. While nuclei polarize their electrons to the opposite spins, the bonding electron pair has opposite spins. Configurations with antiparallel nuclear spins are expected to be lower in energy. When coupling makes antiparallel states more favorable, J is considered to have a positive value. The one-bond coupling constant, 1J,...
Spin–Spin Coupling: Three-Bond Coupling (Vicinal Coupling)01:22

Spin–Spin Coupling: Three-Bond Coupling (Vicinal Coupling)

Vicinal or three-bond coupling is commonly observed between protons attached to adjacent carbons. Here, nuclear spin information is primarily transferred via electron spin interactions between adjacent C‑H bond orbitals. This generally favors the antiparallel arrangement of spins, so 3J values are usually positive.
The extent of coupling depends on the C‑C bond length, the two H‑C‑C angles, any electron-withdrawing substituents, and the dihedral angle between the involved orbitals. The...
NMR Spectroscopy: Spin–Spin Coupling01:08

NMR Spectroscopy: Spin–Spin Coupling

The spin state of an NMR-active nucleus can have a slight effect on its immediate electronic environment. This effect propagates through the intervening bonds and affects the electronic environments of NMR-active nuclei up to three bonds away; occasionally, even farther. This phenomenon is called spin–spin coupling or J-coupling. Coupling interactions are mutual and result in small changes in the absorption frequencies of both nuclei involved. While nuclei of the same element are involved in...

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Updated: Jun 26, 2026

Visualizing Uniaxial-strain Manipulation of Antiferromagnetic Domains in Fe1+YTe Using a Spin-polarized Scanning Tunneling Microscope
09:06

Visualizing Uniaxial-strain Manipulation of Antiferromagnetic Domains in Fe1+YTe Using a Spin-polarized Scanning Tunneling Microscope

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Spin-orbit coupling in ferromagnetic nickel.

J Bünemann1, F Gebhard, T Ohm

  • 1Fachbereich Physik and Material Sciences Center, Philipps-Universität Marburg, D-35032 Marburg, Germany.

Physical Review Letters
|December 31, 2008
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

We investigated nickel's electronic and magnetic properties using Gutzwiller theory, focusing on spin-orbit coupling effects. Our findings explain magnetic moment behavior and Fermi surface changes, differing from prior de Haas-van Alphen data interpretations.

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Area of Science:

  • Condensed matter physics
  • Solid-state physics
  • Quantum mechanics

Background:

  • The electronic and magnetic properties of fcc nickel are crucial for understanding magnetism.
  • Spin-orbit coupling significantly influences magnetic properties in materials.
  • Previous studies using de Haas-van Alphen measurements have presented certain discrepancies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the electronic and magnetic properties of face-centered cubic (fcc) nickel.
  • To specifically analyze the impact of spin-orbit coupling on these properties.
  • To explain the observed changes in Fermi surface topology under external magnetic fields.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing the Gutzwiller variational theory.
  • Applying relativistic band-structure calculations.
  • Comparing theoretical predictions with experimental magnetic-moment data.

Main Results:

  • Successfully reproduced the experimental magnetic-moment direction in fcc nickel.
  • Explained the topological changes in the Fermi surface upon rotation of the magnetic moment.
  • Identified discrepancies with early de Haas-van Alphen results.

Conclusions:

  • The Gutzwiller variational theory provides an accurate description of nickel's electronic and magnetic properties, including spin-orbit coupling effects.
  • The study clarifies the behavior of the Fermi surface under magnetic fields.
  • Discrepancies with historical de Haas-van Alphen data are attributed to data interpretation issues.