Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

¹H NMR: Long-Range Coupling01:27

¹H NMR: Long-Range Coupling

The coupling interactions of nuclei across four or more bonds are usually weak, with J values less than 1 Hz. While these are usually not observed in spectra, the presence of multiple bonds along the coupling pathway can result in observable long-range coupling.
In alkenes, spin information is communicated via σ–π overlap, as seen in allylic (four-bond) and homoallylic (five-bond) couplings. These coupling interactions are stronger when the σ bond is parallel to the alkene π orbitals.
Spin–Spin Coupling: Three-Bond Coupling (Vicinal Coupling)01:22

Spin–Spin Coupling: Three-Bond Coupling (Vicinal Coupling)

Vicinal or three-bond coupling is commonly observed between protons attached to adjacent carbons. Here, nuclear spin information is primarily transferred via electron spin interactions between adjacent C‑H bond orbitals. This generally favors the antiparallel arrangement of spins, so 3J values are usually positive.
The extent of coupling depends on the C‑C bond length, the two H‑C‑C angles, any electron-withdrawing substituents, and the dihedral angle between the involved orbitals. The...
Spin–Spin Coupling: Two-Bond Coupling (Geminal Coupling)01:20

Spin–Spin Coupling: Two-Bond Coupling (Geminal Coupling)

Two NMR-active nuclei bonded to a central atom can be involved in geminal or two-bond coupling. Geminal coupling is commonly seen between diastereotopic protons in chiral molecules and unsymmetrical alkenes, among others.
The central atom need not be NMR-active because its electrons are affected by the electron polarization of the spin-active atoms. However, spin information is transmitted less effectively than in one-bond coupling, and 2J values are usually weaker than 1J values. The energy of...
Spin–Spin Coupling Constant: Overview01:08

Spin–Spin Coupling Constant: Overview

In bromoethane, the three methyl protons are coupled to the two methylene protons that are three bonds away. In accordance with the n+1 rule, the signal from the methyl protons is split into three peaks with 1:2:1 relative intensities. The methylene protons appear as a quartet, with the relative intensities of 1:3:3:1.
Qualitatively, any spin plus-half nucleus polarizes the spins of its electrons to the minus-half state. Consequently, the paired electron in the hydrogen–carbon bond must have a...
Van der Waals Interactions01:24

Van der Waals Interactions

Atoms and molecules interact with each other through intermolecular forces. These electrostatic forces arise from attractive or repulsive interactions between particles with permanent, partial, or temporary charges. The intermolecular forces between neutral atoms and molecules are ion–dipole, dipole–dipole, and dispersion forces, collectively known as van der Waals forces.Polar molecules have a partial positive charge on one end and a partial negative charge on the other end of the molecule,...
Induced Electric Dipoles01:28

Induced Electric Dipoles

A permanent electric dipole orients itself along an external electric field. This rotation can be quantified by defining the potential energy because the external torque does work in rotating it. Then, the potential energy is minimum at the parallel configuration and maximum at the antiparallel configuration. While the former is a stable equilibrium, the latter is an unstable equilibrium.
Since the absolute value of potential energy holds no physical meaning, its zero value can be chosen as per...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

A narrative review of screen time as a behavioural determinant of paediatric oral health.

European archives of paediatric dentistry : official journal of the European Academy of Paediatric Dentistry·2026
Same author

Inclusive Search for Anomalous Single-Photon Production in MicroBooNE.

Physical review letters·2026
Same author

First Search for Dark Sector e^{+}e^{-} Explanations of the MiniBooNE Anomaly at MicroBooNE.

Physical review letters·2026
Same author

A two-mode thermomechanically squeezed phonon laser.

Nature communications·2026
Same author

First Measurement of Charged-Current Muon-Neutrino-Induced K^{+} Production on Argon Using the MicroBooNE Detector.

Physical review letters·2026
Same author

Measurement of the Positive Muon Anomalous Magnetic Moment to 127 ppb.

Physical review letters·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 26, 2026

Nanomechanics of Drug-target Interactions and Antibacterial Resistance Detection
11:56

Nanomechanics of Drug-target Interactions and Antibacterial Resistance Detection

Published on: October 25, 2013

Coupling nanomechanical cantilevers to dipolar molecules.

S Singh1, M Bhattacharya, O Dutta

  • 1B2 Institute, Department of Physics and College of Optical Sciences, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, USA.

Physical Review Letters
|December 31, 2008
PubMed
Summary

We theoretically show that nanomechanical oscillators can achieve quantum squeezing for trapped molecules. This enables control over molecular systems and quantum memory applications.

More Related Videos

Nanomanipulation of Single RNA Molecules by Optical Tweezers
06:59

Nanomanipulation of Single RNA Molecules by Optical Tweezers

Published on: August 20, 2014

Covalent Immobilization of Proteins for the Single Molecule Force Spectroscopy
11:13

Covalent Immobilization of Proteins for the Single Molecule Force Spectroscopy

Published on: August 20, 2018

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 26, 2026

Nanomechanics of Drug-target Interactions and Antibacterial Resistance Detection
11:56

Nanomechanics of Drug-target Interactions and Antibacterial Resistance Detection

Published on: October 25, 2013

Nanomanipulation of Single RNA Molecules by Optical Tweezers
06:59

Nanomanipulation of Single RNA Molecules by Optical Tweezers

Published on: August 20, 2014

Covalent Immobilization of Proteins for the Single Molecule Force Spectroscopy
11:13

Covalent Immobilization of Proteins for the Single Molecule Force Spectroscopy

Published on: August 20, 2018

Area of Science:

  • Quantum physics
  • Nanomechanics
  • Molecular physics

Background:

  • Quantum regime operation of nanomechanical oscillators is a frontier in physics.
  • Molecular dipoles possess electric dipole moments that can interact with mechanical systems.
  • Controlling quantum states of molecules is crucial for quantum information processing.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To theoretically investigate the quantum coupling between nanomechanical oscillators and molecular dipoles.
  • To explore the potential for generating quantum squeezing in molecular motion.
  • To assess the utility of nanoscale cantilevers for quantum manipulation of molecules.

Main Methods:

  • Theoretical modeling of a nanomechanical oscillator coupled to molecular dipoles.
  • Analysis of quantum squeezing phenomena in the center-of-mass motion of trapped molecules.
  • Investigation of two-mode squeezing for phonons in an array of molecules.

Main Results:

  • Demonstrated single-mode squeezing of a single trapped molecule's motion.
  • Achieved two-mode squeezing of phonons in an array of molecules.
  • Established the capability of cantilevers for quantum control.

Conclusions:

  • Nanoscale cantilevers can induce quantum squeezing in molecular systems.
  • This work supports the use of dipolar crystals as quantum memory.
  • Highlights the potential of nanomechanical systems for quantum detection and control of atoms and molecules.