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Related Concept Videos

Respiratory Syncytial Virus Disease01:29

Respiratory Syncytial Virus Disease

Human respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a widespread pathogen that primarily targets infants and young children but also poses a serious health risk to elderly and immunocompromised individuals. Belonging to the Pneumoviridae family, RSV is a negative-sense, single-stranded RNA virus within the Pneumovirus genus. Its global health burden is significant, with millions of cases annually resulting in hospitalizations and mortality, particularly in resource-limited settings. Although most...
Poliomyelitis01:17

Poliomyelitis

Poliomyelitis is caused by poliovirus, a small, non-enveloped, positive-sense RNA virus of the Picornaviridae family and Enterovirus genus. Transmission occurs primarily via the fecal-oral route, often through ingestion of contaminated water or food. The virus initially replicates in the oropharynx and intestinal mucosa, particularly in lymphoid tissues such as the tonsils, Peyer’s patches, and regional lymph nodes. Primary viremia follows, allowing dissemination throughout the body.In most...
Bacterial Gastroenteritis01:18

Bacterial Gastroenteritis

Bacterial gastroenteritis, characterized by diarrhea, abdominal cramps, and vomiting, is often caused by ingestion of contaminated food or water and is frequently associated with pathogenic Escherichia coli strains. These microbes exploit two principal mechanisms to inflict disease.Shiga toxin–producing E. coli, also referred to as STEC—notably O157:H7—release Shiga toxins that target ribosomes, blocking protein synthesis. The B subunit of the toxin binds the host glycolipid receptor...
Rous Sarcoma Virus (RSV) and Cancer01:03

Rous Sarcoma Virus (RSV) and Cancer

Rous Sarcoma virus or RSV was discovered by F. Peyton Rous in the year 1911 as a filterable transmissible agent that could cause tumors in chickens. He won a Nobel Prize for this discovery in 1966. His experiments clearly demonstrated that some cancers could be caused by infectious agents and led to the discovery of many more cancer-causing viruses in animals as well as humans.
RSV is a retrovirus that contains two copies of a plus-strand  RNA genome. Its genome consists of four main open...
Rous Sarcoma Virus (RSV) and Cancer01:03

Rous Sarcoma Virus (RSV) and Cancer

Rous Sarcoma virus or RSV was discovered by F. Peyton Rous in the year 1911 as a filterable transmissible agent that could cause tumors in chickens. He won a Nobel Prize for this discovery in 1966. His experiments clearly demonstrated that some cancers could be caused by infectious agents and led to the discovery of many more cancer-causing viruses in animals as well as humans.
RSV is a retrovirus that contains two copies of a plus-strand  RNA genome. Its genome consists of four main open...
Chickenpox01:20

Chickenpox

Chickenpox is an acute, highly contagious disease caused by the varicella-zoster virus (VZV), a double-stranded DNA virus belonging to the Herpesviridae family. Its transmission occurs primarily through the inhalation of respiratory droplets or direct contact with vesicular fluid from skin lesions. The incubation period typically ranges from 10 to 21 days, during which the virus replicates and disseminates through sequential phases within the host. Although generally self-limiting in children,...

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Assays for the Specific Growth Rate and Cell-binding Ability of Rotavirus
10:49

Assays for the Specific Growth Rate and Cell-binding Ability of Rotavirus

Published on: January 28, 2019

Rotavirus vaccines and pathogenesis: 2008.

Joseph M Hyser1, Mary K Estes

  • 1Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA.

Current Opinion in Gastroenterology
|December 31, 2008
PubMed
Summary

Live rotavirus vaccines protect infants from severe gastroenteritis, but challenges remain for universal implementation. New research explores antiviral targets like the rotavirus enterotoxin for treating chronic infections in immunocompromised children.

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Assays for the Specific Growth Rate and Cell-binding Ability of Rotavirus
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10:03

Generation of Recombinant Arenavirus for Vaccine Development in FDA-Approved Vero Cells

Published on: August 1, 2013

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric infectious diseases
  • Vaccinology
  • Gastroenterology

Background:

  • Rotaviruses are a leading cause of severe gastroenteritis in children globally.
  • Two live, attenuated rotavirus vaccines (RotaTeq and Rotarix) are licensed in many countries.
  • Despite vaccine availability, rotavirus remains a significant public health concern.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review new data on rotavirus vaccines, including their effectiveness.
  • To discuss challenges in vaccine implementation and ongoing research.
  • To highlight the rotavirus enterotoxin as a potential antiviral target.

Main Methods:

  • Review of recent scientific literature on rotavirus vaccines and treatments.
  • Analysis of data on vaccine effectiveness and immunogenicity.
  • Exploration of emerging research on rotavirus pathogenesis and antiviral strategies.

Main Results:

  • Licensed rotavirus vaccines (RotaTeq, Rotarix) show promise, with ongoing evaluation in developing countries.
  • Vaccine implementation faces challenges due to age restrictions.
  • The rotavirus enterotoxin is identified as a potential therapeutic target due to its mechanisms of action.

Conclusions:

  • Rotavirus is increasingly vaccine-preventable, with efforts to expand access in developing countries.
  • Antiviral drugs and alternative vaccine strategies may be necessary for immunocompromised children.
  • Further research is needed to address remaining challenges in rotavirus prevention and treatment.