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Related Concept Videos

Epigenetic Regulation01:37

Epigenetic Regulation

Epigenetic changes alter the physical structure of the DNA without changing the genetic sequence and often regulate whether genes are turned on or off. This regulation ensures that each cell produces only proteins necessary for its function. For example, proteins that promote bone growth are not produced in muscle cells. Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.
X-chromosome...
Epigenetic Regulation01:46

Epigenetic Regulation

Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.
Epigenetic Regulation01:46

Epigenetic Regulation

Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.
Mutation, Gene Flow, and Genetic Drift01:09

Mutation, Gene Flow, and Genetic Drift

In a population that is not at Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, the frequency of alleles changes over time. Therefore, any deviations from the five conditions of Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium can alter the genetic variation of a given population. Conditions that change the genetic variability of a population include mutations, natural selection, non-random mating, gene flow, and genetic drift (small population size).Mechanisms of Genetic VariationThe original sources of genetic variation are mutations,...
Genetic Variation01:25

Genetic Variation

Genetic variation is the diversity in DNA sequences found among individuals of the same species. This diversity is crucial for a species' survival because it helps organisms adapt to environmental changes. Genetic variation begins with fertilization, where an egg and sperm cell merge. Each of these cells carries 23 chromosomes, up to 46 in the fertilized egg. Chromosomes are long DNA strands that contain genes, the basic units of heredity.
Genes exist in different versions called alleles, which...
Gene-Environment Interactions01:20

Gene-Environment Interactions

Gene expression is a dynamic process that is significantly influenced by environmental factors. This interaction underlies the complex nature of biological development and the phenotypic differences observed among individuals, even among those with identical genetic makeups. Factors such as radiation, temperature, behavior, nutrition, and stress play pivotal roles in determining how genes are expressed. The concept of the reaction range is central to understanding this interaction. It posits...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 26, 2026

Repressing Gene Transcription by Redirecting Cellular Machinery with Chemical Epigenetic Modifiers
10:28

Repressing Gene Transcription by Redirecting Cellular Machinery with Chemical Epigenetic Modifiers

Published on: September 20, 2018

Genetic variation stimulated by epigenetic modification.

W Jason Cummings1, David W Bednarski, Nancy Maizels

  • 1Department of Immunology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA.

Plos One
|December 31, 2008
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Epigenetic modifications, like altering donor chromatin structure, can significantly enhance homologous recombination (HR) for DNA repair. This study shows VP16 and HIRA accelerate gene conversion, highlighting chromatin

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Lentiviral Vector Platform for the Efficient Delivery of Epigenome-editing Tools into Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-derived Disease Models

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In Vitro Selection of Engineered Transcriptional Repressors for Targeted Epigenetic Silencing
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In Vitro Selection of Engineered Transcriptional Repressors for Targeted Epigenetic Silencing

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Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 26, 2026

Repressing Gene Transcription by Redirecting Cellular Machinery with Chemical Epigenetic Modifiers
10:28

Repressing Gene Transcription by Redirecting Cellular Machinery with Chemical Epigenetic Modifiers

Published on: September 20, 2018

Lentiviral Vector Platform for the Efficient Delivery of Epigenome-editing Tools into Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-derived Disease Models
13:47

Lentiviral Vector Platform for the Efficient Delivery of Epigenome-editing Tools into Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-derived Disease Models

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In Vitro Selection of Engineered Transcriptional Repressors for Targeted Epigenetic Silencing
10:44

In Vitro Selection of Engineered Transcriptional Repressors for Targeted Epigenetic Silencing

Published on: May 5, 2023

Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics
  • Epigenetics

Background:

  • Homologous recombination (HR) is a critical DNA repair pathway essential for maintaining genomic integrity.
  • HR utilizes a homologous donor template for accurate repair of damaged DNA.
  • Regulation of HR is crucial to ensure appropriate donor selection and prevent aberrant recombination.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of donor chromatin structure modifications in promoting homology-directed repair (HDR).
  • To determine if specific factors can enhance the efficiency of gene conversion through HR.
  • To explore the link between epigenetic modifications and the regulation of homologous recombination.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing the chicken B cell line DT40 for Ig gene conversion experiments.
  • Tethering the activator VP16 or the histone chaperone HIRA to the donor array.
  • Measuring gene conversion rates and analyzing histone modifications (acetylation, H3.3 levels) and nucleosome density.

Main Results:

  • Both VP16 and HIRA accelerated gene conversion approximately 10-fold when targeted to the donor array.
  • VP16 significantly increased histone H3 and H4 acetylation.
  • HIRA did not alter histone acetylation but increased local nucleosome density and histone H3.3 levels.

Conclusions:

  • Epigenetic modifications of donor chromatin can effectively stimulate homology-directed repair and genetic variation.
  • Distinct epigenetic modifications can lead to similar functional outcomes in regulating HR.
  • Dysregulation of epigenetic marks may have detrimental consequences for genetic stability.