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Related Concept Videos

Urologic Endoscopic Procedure: Cystoscopic Examination01:28

Urologic Endoscopic Procedure: Cystoscopic Examination

Meaning of Cystoscopic Examination:Cystoscopy is an essential diagnostic tool in urology that is used to assess the structure and function of the genitourinary system. It provides a direct view of the urethra, bladder, and, in some cases, the ureteral openings. This procedure helps detect structural abnormalities, infections, cancers, and blockages in the urinary tract. There are two types of cystoscopy:Flexible cystoscopy is commonly performed in outpatient settings due to its less invasive...
Imaging Studies V: Intravenous Urography and Retrograde Pyelography01:22

Imaging Studies V: Intravenous Urography and Retrograde Pyelography

IntroductionIntravenous Urography (IVU) and Retrograde Pyelography (RP) are important diagnostic imaging techniques used to evaluate the urinary system. These methods help identify structural abnormalities, obstructions, and functional issues in the kidneys, ureters, and bladder. Both procedures use iodine-based contrast media to enhance the visibility of urinary tract structures on X-ray images, though they differ in their methods and indications.1. Intravenous Urography (IVU)Intravenous...
Imaging Studies VI: Voiding Cystourethrography and Cystography01:22

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Voiding Cystourethrography (VCUG) and Cystography are specialized radiographic procedures used to examine the structure and function of the bladder and urethra.Voiding Cystourethrography (VCUG)A Voiding Cystourethrogram (VCUG) is a diagnostic imaging procedure that assesses the anatomy and function of the lower urinary tract. It focuses on the bladder, bladder neck, and urethra, helping detect abnormalities such as vesicoureteral reflux (VUR)—the backward or reverse flow of urine into the...
Ultrasound II: Endoscopic Ultrasound and FibroScan01:25

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Endoscopic Ultrasound (EUS) and FibroScan are valuable diagnostic tools in gastroenterology and hepatology, each with specific applications and techniques.
Endoscopic Ultrasound (EUS):
Imaging Studies II: Ultrasonography01:24

Imaging Studies II: Ultrasonography

IntroductionUltrasonography, or renal ultrasound, is a noninvasive medical imaging technique that uses high-frequency sound waves to visualize the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and surrounding tissues.Indications for Urinary System UltrasonographyUrinary system ultrasonography is indicated in various clinical scenarios, such as:Kidney Stones (Urolithiasis): To detect and monitor the size and presence of kidney or urinary tract stones.Hydronephrosis: To assess the dilation of the renal pelvis and...
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Urinary Tract Calculi VI: Surgical Management

Procedures for Kidney StonesMedical intervention is necessary when kidney stones or renal calculi are too large to pass spontaneously (typically greater than 5 millimeters) when stones are accompanied by symptomatic infection (such as fever or pyelonephritis), when they impair kidney function, or when they cause persistent symptoms like severe pain, nausea, or urinary retention. Additionally, patients with only one kidney or those who cannot be treated with medical management also require...

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Updated: Jun 26, 2026

Probe-based Confocal Laser Endomicroscopy of the Urinary Tract: The Technique
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Published on: January 10, 2013

Fiberoptic imaging for urologic surgery.

Jeremy B Tuttle1, William D Steers

  • 1University of Virginia School of Medicine, PO Box 801392, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA. tuttle@virginia.edu

Current Urology Reports
|January 1, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Real-time intraoperative imaging can enhance laparoscopic and robot-assisted surgeries, particularly for radical prostatectomy. Fluorescent imaging of nerves shows promise for improving surgical precision and patient outcomes.

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Last Updated: Jun 26, 2026

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Published on: January 10, 2013

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Reduction of Radiation Exposure during Endovascular Treatment of Peripheral Arterial Disease Combining Fiber Optic RealShape Technology and Intravascular Ultrasound
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Area of Science:

  • Surgical Technology
  • Medical Imaging
  • Urology

Background:

  • Laparoscopic and robot-assisted surgery benefit from advanced imaging for improved surgical precision.
  • Radical prostatectomy outcomes are a key focus for surgical innovation.
  • Intraoperative imaging aids in diagnosis, margin assessment, and anatomical definition.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review and assess current and developing intraoperative imaging technologies.
  • To explore the potential of advanced imaging in surgical procedures.
  • To highlight advancements in real-time imaging for surgical decision-making.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on intraoperative imaging modalities.
  • Assessment of fluorescent imaging feasibility in animal models.
  • Evaluation of imaging capabilities for surgical applications.

Main Results:

  • Feasibility of fluorescent imaging for labeled cavernosal nerves demonstrated in vivo.
  • Real-time imaging holds potential for enhancing surgical procedures.
  • Various imaging modes are under development for surgical use.

Conclusions:

  • Intraoperative imaging is poised to significantly improve laparoscopic and robot-assisted surgeries.
  • Fluorescent imaging offers a promising tool for nerve identification and preservation.
  • Continued development of imaging technologies will expand their surgical applications.