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Related Concept Videos

Spinal Nerves: Plexus I01:22

Spinal Nerves: Plexus I

Nerve plexuses are networks of interlacing nerves that serve as communication hubs to distribute and organize nerve action across various body regions. The nerve plexuses are organized into the cervical plexus located in the neck region, brachial plexus in the shoulder area, lumbar plexus found in the lower back, sacral plexus situated in the pelvis, and coccygeal plexus located in the coccygeal region.
The Cervical Plexus
The cervical plexus, formed by the anterior rami of the first four...
Ankle Joint01:10

Ankle Joint

The ankle is formed by the talocrural joint (crural = leg). It consists of the articulations between the talus bone of the foot and the distal ends of the tibia and fibula of the leg. The superior aspect of the talus bone is square-shaped and has three areas of articulation. The top of the talus articulates with the inferior tibia. This is the portion of the ankle joint that carries the body weight between the leg and foot. The sides of the talus are firmly held in position by the articulations...
Bones of the Upper Limb: Ulna01:15

Bones of the Upper Limb: Ulna

The ulna and radius are parallel bones of the antebrachium or the forearm. The ulna lies medially and consists of a bony tip called the olecranon process at its proximal end. This hook-like projection articulates with the olecranon fossa of the humerus and forms the "hinged" ulnohumeral part of the elbow joint. This joint facilitates forearm extension and flexion while preventing its hyperextension. Similarly, the coronoid process, another bony projection on the proximal/anterior side of the...
Bones of the Upper Limb: Radius01:09

Bones of the Upper Limb: Radius

The radius is longer of the two bones that make up the human antebrachium or forearm. At the proximal end, the radius articulates with the capitulum of the humerus and the radial notch of the ulna to form the elbow joint. At the distal end, the radius articulates with the ulna via the ulnar notch, forming the distal radioulnar joint. Distally, the radius also attaches to the carpal wrist bones (scaphoid and lunate) to form the radiocarpal joint.
The radius has a nail-shaped head, and a short...
Knee Joint01:23

Knee Joint

The knee joint is the most complicated joint in the body. It consists of three articulations– two tibiofemoral and one patellofemoral. As is characteristic of synovial joints, the knee joint has a thin articular capsule that partially surrounds this joint cavity. Additionally, several ligaments, muscles, and cartilaginous structures support the movement of the knee.
A total of seven ligaments support the knee joint. The patellar ligament, which is also attached to the quadriceps femoris group...
Arteries of the Upper Limbs01:12

Arteries of the Upper Limbs

The subclavian artery transitions into the axillary artery as it exits the chest and enters the axillary region. This artery is critical for supplying blood to the shoulder area, including the head of the humerus, through the humeral circumflex arteries. As the vessel continues into the upper arm or brachium, it becomes the brachial artery. This artery plays a key role in vascularizing the brachial region and bifurcates at the elbow into several branches. These branches include the deep...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 26, 2026

Ultrasound-Guided Needle Release Combined with Corticosteroid Injection for the Treatment of Supinator Syndrome
05:18

Ultrasound-Guided Needle Release Combined with Corticosteroid Injection for the Treatment of Supinator Syndrome

Published on: May 26, 2023

Partial joint denervation I: wrist, shoulder, and elbow.

A Lee Dellon1

  • 1Baltimore, Md. From Johns Hopkins University.

Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
|January 1, 2009
PubMed
Summary

Partial joint denervation effectively relieves joint pain and preserves function in the elbow and shoulder, offering a joint-sparing surgical alternative. This outpatient procedure provides significant pain reduction for most patients, avoiding the need for fusion or replacement.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 26, 2026

Ultrasound-Guided Needle Release Combined with Corticosteroid Injection for the Treatment of Supinator Syndrome
05:18

Ultrasound-Guided Needle Release Combined with Corticosteroid Injection for the Treatment of Supinator Syndrome

Published on: May 26, 2023

Area of Science:

  • Orthopedic Surgery
  • Pain Management
  • Plastic Surgery

Background:

  • Partial joint denervation aims to preserve joint function and alleviate pain by targeting neural pathways.
  • Traditional treatments like fusion or arthroplasty are often considered when nonoperative methods fail.
  • This study extends partial joint denervation concepts from the wrist to the elbow and shoulder.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To apply and evaluate partial joint denervation techniques for the elbow and shoulder joints.
  • To provide a joint-sparing surgical option for patients with persistent joint pain.
  • To expand the application of nerve interruption for pain relief in upper extremity joints.

Main Methods:

  • Anatomical dissections to map joint innervation.
  • Identification of anesthetic administration routes and surgical nerve resection approaches.
  • Clinical evaluation of local anesthetic blocks and surgical outcomes in patients with refractory joint pain.

Main Results:

  • Partial joint denervation techniques successful in the wrist were applicable to the elbow and shoulder.
  • Anesthetic blockade achieving a ≥5-point reduction on the visual analogue scale predicted good to excellent pain relief.
  • Ninety percent of patients experienced significant pain relief following the procedure.

Conclusions:

  • Partial joint denervation is an effective outpatient, ambulatory procedure that spares the joint and eliminates rehabilitation.
  • This approach offers a novel solution for pain relief and function restoration in joints proximal to the wrist.
  • Plastic surgeons can utilize this technique to aid orthopedic and pain management colleagues in treating complex joint pain.