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Related Concept Videos

Ankle Joint01:10

Ankle Joint

The ankle is formed by the talocrural joint (crural = leg). It consists of the articulations between the talus bone of the foot and the distal ends of the tibia and fibula of the leg. The superior aspect of the talus bone is square-shaped and has three areas of articulation. The top of the talus articulates with the inferior tibia. This is the portion of the ankle joint that carries the body weight between the leg and foot. The sides of the talus are firmly held in position by the articulations...
Knee Joint01:23

Knee Joint

The knee joint is the most complicated joint in the body. It consists of three articulations– two tibiofemoral and one patellofemoral. As is characteristic of synovial joints, the knee joint has a thin articular capsule that partially surrounds this joint cavity. Additionally, several ligaments, muscles, and cartilaginous structures support the movement of the knee.
A total of seven ligaments support the knee joint. The patellar ligament, which is also attached to the quadriceps femoris group...
Development of the Limb Synovial Joints01:07

Development of the Limb Synovial Joints

Joints form during embryonic development in conjunction with the formation and growth of the associated bones. The embryonic tissue that gives rise to all bones, cartilage, and connective tissues of the body is called mesenchyme.
The mesenchymal stem cells differentiate into chondrocytes that form the hyaline cartilage, and later the cartilaginous model of the bone. This model further transforms into a bone. This process is known as endochondral ossification.
During development, the limbs...
Neuromuscular Junction And Blockade01:29

Neuromuscular Junction And Blockade

The site of chemical communication between a motor neuron and a muscle fiber is called the neuromuscular junction (NMJ). The end of the motor neuron at the NMJ divides into a cluster of synaptic end bulbs. The cytoplasm of these bulbs consists of synaptic vesicles enclosing acetylcholine molecules, the principal neurotransmitter released at the NMJ. The region opposite the synaptic bulb that ends in the muscle fiber is called the motor end plate, which has acetylcholine receptors. Within the...
Peripheral Arterial Disease II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Evaluation01:21

Peripheral Arterial Disease II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Evaluation

Clinical manifestationsPeripheral Arterial Disease (PAD) manifests through a range of symptoms, from the characteristic intermittent claudication to atypical presentations and severe complications in advanced stages. Intermittent claudication, a hallmark symptom of PAD, presents as exercise-induced muscle pain that typically resolves within minutes of rest. This pain is reproducible and stems from inadequate blood flow, leading to the accumulation of lactic acid produced during anaerobic...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 26, 2026

Treatment of Ankle Osteoarthritis with Total Ankle Replacement Through a Lateral Transfibular Approach
09:01

Treatment of Ankle Osteoarthritis with Total Ankle Replacement Through a Lateral Transfibular Approach

Published on: January 24, 2018

Partial joint denervation II: knee and ankle.

A Lee Dellon1

  • 1Baltimore, Md. From Johns Hopkins University.

Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
|January 1, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Partial joint denervation effectively relieves chronic knee and ankle pain by interrupting pain signals. This outpatient procedure offers significant pain reduction for patients with joint pain unresponsive to traditional treatments.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 26, 2026

Treatment of Ankle Osteoarthritis with Total Ankle Replacement Through a Lateral Transfibular Approach
09:01

Treatment of Ankle Osteoarthritis with Total Ankle Replacement Through a Lateral Transfibular Approach

Published on: January 24, 2018

Area of Science:

  • Orthopedic Surgery
  • Pain Management
  • Plastic Surgery

Background:

  • Partial joint denervation targets pain relief by interrupting neural pathways.
  • Previous studies detailed upper extremity applications; this study focuses on the knee and ankle.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To apply partial joint denervation principles to the knee and ankle.
  • To evaluate the efficacy of partial joint denervation for lower extremity joint pain.

Main Methods:

  • Cadaveric anatomical studies identified knee and ankle innervation for surgical guidance.
  • Patient evaluation included those with sports injuries, trauma, osteoarthritis, or post-surgical pain.

Main Results:

  • Partial joint denervation principles from the upper extremity are applicable to knee and ankle joints.
  • A 5-point reduction on the visual analogue scale predicts 90% of patients achieving good to excellent pain relief.

Conclusions:

  • Partial joint denervation is an effective, joint-sparing outpatient procedure for chronic knee/ankle pain.
  • This approach offers a rehabilitation-free solution for patients with structurally intact joints.
  • It provides plastic surgeons a method to assist orthopedic, podiatric, and pain management colleagues with challenging lower extremity pain cases.