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Related Concept Videos

Reflex Activity01:08

Reflex Activity

A reflex activity is an automatic, involuntary response to specific stimuli. It is a part of our survival mechanism, designed to protect us from potential harm. For example, when a bright light suddenly shines into our eyes, we instinctively close them or look away. This is a simple reflex activity orchestrated by the nervous system without conscious thought or effort.
A reflex exam is a diagnostic procedure performed by a healthcare professional to evaluate the functionality of a patient's...
Somatic Spinal Reflexes01:22

Somatic Spinal Reflexes

Somatic spinal reflexes are rapid, involuntary muscular responses to external stimuli that involve the somatic musculature and the spinal cord.
One of the most well-known somatic spinal reflexes is the stretch reflex, which is activated by the sudden stretching of a muscle. This reflex involves the activation of specialized sensory receptors called muscle spindles, which are located in the muscle tissue and detect changes in the length and speed of muscle contractions. When a muscle is suddenly...
Increased Intracranial Pressure l: Introduction01:14

Increased Intracranial Pressure l: Introduction

Intracranial hypertension is a sustained elevation of intracranial pressure (ICP) above 22 mm Hg. In supine adults, normal ICP is ~7–15 mm Hg.The rigid, nonexpandable cranium contains three components—brain tissue, blood, and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)—that total ~1,700 mL in a typical adult: 1,400 mL brain (~80%), 150 mL blood (~10%), and 150 mL CSF (~10%). According to the Monro–Kellie doctrine, total intracranial volume is effectively fixed. When one component expands, CSF and venous blood...
Increased Intracranial Pressure ll: Pathophysiology01:29

Increased Intracranial Pressure ll: Pathophysiology

Increased intracranial pressure (ICP) refers to a potentially life-threatening rise in pressure inside the skull. This usually happens when there is a major change in the volume of brain tissue, blood, or cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) — the three components inside the skull. According to the Monro-Kellie doctrine, if the volume of one component increases, the volumes of the other components must decrease to maintain normal pressure. If this does not happen, ICP rises.The process often begins with...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 26, 2026

Terminal H-reflex Measurements in Mice
05:38

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Published on: June 16, 2022

Reversible grasp reflexes in normal pressure hydrocephalus.

Rhys H Thomas1, Luke Bennetto, Mark T Silva

  • 1Wales Epilepsy Research Network, Institute of Life Sciences, Singleton Park, Swansea University, SA2 8PP, UK. Rhys-Thomas@doctors.org.uk

Clinical Neurology and Neurosurgery
|January 2, 2009
PubMed
Summary

Primitive reflexes like grasp reflexes may aid in diagnosing and predicting outcomes for patients with normal pressure hydrocephalus (NPH). Resolving these reflexes after cerebrospinal fluid removal suggests potential diagnostic and prognostic value in NPH management.

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Neurosurgery

Background:

  • Normal pressure hydrocephalus (NPH) is a neurological condition characterized by gait disturbance, urinary incontinence, and cognitive impairment.
  • Primitive reflexes, typically absent in adults, can sometimes manifest in neurological disorders.

Observation:

  • Two cases of NPH presented with abnormal grasp reflexes.
  • In both patients, grasp reflexes resolved after significant cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) removal.

Findings:

  • One patient experienced a return of grasp reflexes weeks later, which subsequently resolved after CSF shunting surgery.
  • Grasp reflexes remained absent in this patient until the 9-month follow-up.

Implications:

  • Resolving grasp reflexes following CSF removal may serve as a diagnostic indicator for NPH.
  • The resolution and recurrence pattern of grasp reflexes could offer prognostic insights in NPH.
  • Further research into primitive reflexes in NPH is warranted to validate these observations.