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Modeling cognitive influences on drinking and alcohol problems.

Thomas K Greenfield1, Thomas C Harford, Tammy W Tam

  • 1Alcohol Research Group, Public Health Institute, 6475 Christie Avenue, Suite 400, Emeryville, California 94608, USA. tgreenfield@arg.org

Journal of Studies on Alcohol and Drugs
|January 2, 2009
PubMed
Summary

Alcohol expectations and reasons for drinking influence heavy drinking frequency and alcohol dependence. These cognitions have complex links to drinking behaviors and dependence, especially in minority groups.

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Area of Science:

  • Psychology
  • Public Health
  • Sociology

Background:

  • Alcohol-related cognitions, including expectations and reasons for drinking, are crucial in understanding alcohol consumption patterns.
  • Previous research suggests a link between cognitions and drinking behaviors, but the specific pathways and mediating factors require further exploration.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the associations between alcohol expectations and reasons for drinking with alcohol consumption and dependence.
  • To examine the mediating roles of drinking behaviors in the relationship between cognitions and alcohol dependence.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized data from the 1995 National Alcohol Survey, including 2,817 adult respondents who consumed alcohol in the past year.
  • Employed path analysis to model the relationships between positive/negative expectations, social/escape reasons for drinking, heavy drinking frequency, and alcohol dependence symptoms.
  • Accounted for key demographic factors, including race and ethnicity.

Main Results:

  • Positive expectations were linked to heavy drinking frequency, partially mediated by social and escape reasons.
  • Negative expectancies were associated with alcohol dependence, partially mediated by escape reasons.
  • Reasons for drinking and demographic variables (race, ethnicity) influenced alcohol dependence, often mediated by heavy drinking frequency.

Conclusions:

  • Alcohol-related cognitions have intricate associations with drinking behaviors and alcohol dependence.
  • Findings highlight the importance of considering mediating factors and demographic influences, particularly for ethnic minority health disparities.
  • Results have implications for targeted public health interventions and policy development.