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Related Concept Videos

siRNA - Small Interfering RNAs02:30

siRNA - Small Interfering RNAs

Small interfering RNAs, or siRNAs, are short regulatory RNA molecules that can silence genes post-transcriptionally, as well as the transcriptional level in some cases. siRNAs are important for protecting cells against viral infections and silencing transposable genetic elements.
In the cytoplasm, siRNA is processed from a double-stranded RNA, which comes from either endogenous DNA transcription or exogenous sources like a virus. This double-stranded RNA is then cleaved by the ATP-dependent...
Types of RNA01:23

Types of RNA

Overview
Three main types of RNA are involved in protein synthesis: messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). These RNAs perform diverse functions and can be broadly classified as protein-coding or non-coding RNA. Non-coding RNAs play important roles in the regulation of gene expression in response to developmental and environmental changes. Non-coding RNAs in prokaryotes can be manipulated to develop more effective antibacterial drugs for human or animal use.
RNA...
Types of RNA01:20

Types of RNA

Three main types of RNA are involved in protein synthesis: messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). These RNAs perform diverse functions and can be broadly classified as protein-coding or non-coding RNA. Non-coding RNAs play important roles in regulating gene expression in response to developmental and environmental changes. Non-coding RNAs in prokaryotes can be manipulated to develop more effective antibacterial drugs for human or animal use.
RNA Performs Diverse...
Translational Regulation01:29

Translational Regulation

Translational regulation in prokaryotes ensures efficient protein synthesis by controlling ribosome access to mRNA. This regulation is mediated by secondary RNA structures, including translational riboswitches, RNA thermometers, and small RNAs (sRNAs), which respond to intracellular and environmental signals to modulate gene expression.Translational RiboswitchesRiboswitches in the leader region of mRNAs can regulate translation by altering the accessibility of the Shine-Dalgarno (SD) sequence,...
Experimental RNAi02:15

Experimental RNAi

RNA interference (RNAi) is a cellular mechanism that inhibits gene expression by suppressing its transcription or activating the RNA degradation process. The mechanism was discovered by Andrew Fire and Craig Mello in 1998 in plants. Today, it is observed in almost all eukaryotes, including protozoa, flies, nematodes, insects, parasites, and mammals. This precise cellular mechanism of gene silencing has been developed into a technique that provides an efficient way to identify and determine the...
lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs02:39

lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs

In humans, more than 80% of the genome gets transcribed. However, only around 2% of the genome codes for proteins. The remaining part produces non-coding RNAs which includes ribosomal RNAs, transfer RNAs, telomerase RNAs, and regulatory RNAs, among other types. A large number of regulatory non-coding RNAs have been classified into two groups depending upon their length – small non-coding RNAs, such as microRNA, which are less than 200 nucleotides in length, and long non-coding RNA (lncRNA)...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 26, 2026

Enhanced Northern Blot Detection of Small RNA Species in Drosophila Melanogaster
09:39

Enhanced Northern Blot Detection of Small RNA Species in Drosophila Melanogaster

Published on: August 21, 2014

Small RNAs in development and disease.

Bryan K Sun1, Hensin Tsao

  • 1Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology
|January 3, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) and short interfering RNAs (siRNAs) are small regulatory RNAs impacting gene expression. Their roles in human development and diseases, particularly skin conditions like psoriasis, are increasingly understood.

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CRISPR Gene Editing Tool for MicroRNA Cluster Network Analysis
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CRISPR Gene Editing Tool for MicroRNA Cluster Network Analysis

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Last Updated: Jun 26, 2026

Enhanced Northern Blot Detection of Small RNA Species in Drosophila Melanogaster
09:39

Enhanced Northern Blot Detection of Small RNA Species in Drosophila Melanogaster

Published on: August 21, 2014

CRISPR Gene Editing Tool for MicroRNA Cluster Network Analysis
10:40

CRISPR Gene Editing Tool for MicroRNA Cluster Network Analysis

Published on: April 25, 2022

Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • MicroRNAs (miRNAs) and short interfering RNAs (siRNAs) are small RNA molecules (18–24 nucleotides) regulating gene expression.
  • These molecules function by binding to messenger RNAs (mRNAs), affecting their stability or translation.
  • They are implicated in various biological processes and human diseases.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the discovery, biogenesis, and mechanisms of action of miRNAs and siRNAs.
  • To highlight the known connections between these small RNAs and human health.
  • To emphasize their specific roles in skin development and disease.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of miRNA and siRNA research.
  • Analysis of computational predictions and experimental data (microarrays).
  • Examination of candidate miRNA involvement in diseases.

Main Results:

  • miRNAs and siRNAs regulate gene expression by targeting mRNA sequence complementarity.
  • Up to one-third of human genes are predicted to be affected by these small RNAs.
  • Over 1000 human miRNAs are estimated, with validated roles in cancers, neuronal disorders, cardiac hypertrophy, and skin diseases like psoriasis.

Conclusions:

  • miRNAs and siRNAs are crucial regulators with significant implications for human health.
  • Their dysregulation is linked to diverse pathologies, including significant skin conditions.
  • Further research into these small RNAs offers therapeutic potential for various diseases.